What is economics

Moscow state university of printing arts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Report

WHAT IS ECONOMICS

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kazimirova V.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Moscow 2012.

WHAT IS ECONOMICS 

 

Unlike history, mathematics, English and chemistry, economics is a subject that most students encounter only briefly before they begin college. Economics is a basic discipline, not an applied subject like accounting or drafting in which specific skills are taught.

Economics has some similarities to mathematics because logical reasoning and mathematical tools are used in it extensively. It also has some similarities to history because economics studies people as they interact in social groups.

Like chemistry, economics employs the scientific method, although some of economics has a descriptive rather than an analytical flavour. Finally, like English grammar, economics has a few simple rules and principles, but from these principles economics can derive many conclusions.

Economics is the science of making choices. Individuals must decide whether to study another hour or to go for a walk, whether to buy a six-pack of Pepsi or a 0,5 gallon of milk at the grocery, whether to choose fire fighting or teaching as an occupation and whether to play golf or to watch television for an afternoon of recreation. As a group, people must also choose through their governments whether to build a dam or to repair highways with their taxes, whether to invest money to business or to expand national parks.

The common element in all these decisions is that every choice involves a cost.

In fact, economics is the study of the choice that people make and the actions that they take in order to make the best use of scarce resources in meeting their wants. 

 

 

 

 

 

ЧТО ТАКОЕ ЭКОНОМИКА

 

В отличие от истории, математики, английского и химии, экономика - предмет, с которым большинство  студентов сталкивается только кратко, прежде чем они начнут колледж. Экономика - основная дисциплина, не прикладной предмет как бухгалтерский учет или составление, в котором преподаются определенные навыки.

У экономики есть некоторые  общие черты математики, потому что логическое рассуждение и математические инструменты используются в нем экстенсивно. У нее также есть некоторые общие черты с историей, потому что экономика изучает людей, поскольку они взаимодействуют в социальных группах.

Как химия, экономика использует научный метод, хотя у части экономики  есть описательный, а не аналитический характер. Наконец, как в английской грамматике, у экономики есть несколько простых правил и принципов, но от этих принципов экономика может получить много заключений.

Экономика - наука о выборе. Люди должны решить, учиться ли лишний час или выйти на прогулку, купить ли шесть пакетов Пепси или 0,5 галлона молока в бакалее, выбрать ли пожаротушение или преподавание и сыграть ли в гольф или смотреть телевизор в течение дня. Как группа, люди должны также выбрать через их правительство, построить ли дамбу или восстановить шоссе с их налогами, инвестировать ли деньги в бизнес или расширить национальные парки.

Общий элемент во всех этих решениях - то, что каждый выбор вовлекает  стоимость.

Фактически, экономика - исследование выбора, который люди делают, а также меры, которые они принимают, чтобы лучше всего использовать недостаточные ресурсы для удовлетворения потребностей.

 

1. Translate from English into Russian:

A basic discipline; an applied subject; similarities; logical reasoning; mathematical tools; a descriptive flavour; occupation; to invest money to business; the common element; to involve; the best use of scarce resources. 

 

II. Translate from English into Russian:

Знакомиться; бухгалтерский  учет; особые навыки; широко использоваться; взаимодействовать в социальных группах; несколько простых принципов; налоги; расширять; стоимость; потребности.  

 

III. Finish proposals.

1. Economics is not an applied subject like...

2. Like chemistry, economics...

3. As a group, people must also choose whether to invest money to business or to expand national parks through ...

4. The common element of all decisions is ...

 

IV. The following statements are true or incorrect:

1. Economics is a subject that most students encounter only briefly.

2. Economics is not a basic discipline like history, mathematics, English and chemistry.

3. Some of economics has a descriptive rather than an analytical flavour.

4. Economics is like English grammar, because it has difficult rules and principles. 

 

V. Select the correct word:

1. Economics is a ... discipline.

a) basic; b) natural; c) social.

2. ... is an applied subject.

a) history; b) accounting; c) economics.

3. Mathematical tools are used in economics ...

a) briefly; b) extensively; c) finally.

4. Like English grammar economics has a few... and principles.

a) rules; b) graphs; c) lines.

5. Every choice involves ...

a) investment; b) cost; c) time. 

 

VI. Answer the questions.

1. What is the difference between economics and such disciplines as history, mathematics, English and chemistry?

2. What is used extensively in economics?

3. What similarities has economics to chemistry?

4. Is economics the science of making choices?

5. What is the common element in all choices?

6. What does economics study? 

 

VII. Copy and move proposals to the English language

1. Most students encountered economics only briefly.

2. Economics has always employed the scientific method.

3. People generally repeated the decisions that they had made at an earlier time.

4. My brother was working at the bank when I graduated from the University. 

 

VIII. Copy and turn the supply on the Russian language.

1. There are some black markets in which people buy things at prices much higher than they should be.

2. There were some periods in our recent economic history when the price level rose despite low demand.

3. Today there is a surplus of unskilled and manual labourers in the north of England, whereas firms in the London area have vacancies unfilled.

4. There was a firm owned by a group of people called corporation.