Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 31 Мая 2013 в 17:05, контрольная работа
I shall tell you about who has thought up to use smilies, what kind of smilies is using also unusual appearances of smilies.
The very first emoticon possibly appeared in 1979, first used by someone named Kevin Mackenzie. He is believed to have first used the -) symbol, which meant "tongue in cheek". The technique didn't appear to catch on, and it remained for another to start the fad.
Introduction 3
1. Internet use 4
2. Smileys using computer keys 5
3. Unusual appearances of smileys 6
Conclusion 7
Sources list 8
Contents
Introduction
I shall tell you about who has thought up to use smilies, what kind of smilies is using also unusual appearances of smilies.
The very first emoticon possibly appeared in 1979, first used by someone named Kevin Mackenzie. He is believed to have first used the -) symbol, which meant "tongue in cheek". The technique didn't appear to catch on, and it remained for another to start the fad.
The 19th of September 1982, emoticons are believed to have been invented (or at least they took hold of the popular imagination) by Scott Fahlman on the CMU bulletin board system. This board was similar in concept to today's newsgroups or message boards, and was intended as a place for people to chat and have discussions. Scott noticed a problem on the board: people would post a humorous comment, but others would not get the joke. This led to countless flames and meaningless discussions.
Scott suggested the use of :-) to show pleasure (or indicate a joke) and :-( to show displeasure. This usage caught on like wildfire all over the place, and before long you could see this usage everywhere.
My paper-work contents many other representations of smiley faces.
1. Internet use
The smiley has become an essential of Internet culture, with animated GIF and other image representations, as well as the ubiquitous text-based emoticon, " :- ) ". The smiley has been used for the printable version of characters 1 and 2 (one "black", the other "white") on the default font on the IBM PC and successor compatible machines, though modern fonts for graphical user interfaces often do not include those characters.
Smileys and emoticons are often used on Internet forums. Although smileys are only intended as an extra feature, some users often reply to threads with a single smiley, which is often considered to be spam on many forums. However, the use of smileys, can sometimes distinguish a message between a flame and a joke. For example, "You're a bit slow, aren't you? :)" is less likely to be interpreted as an insult than without the smiley.
The smiley also calls as Kolobok in Russia. From Russian: колобок — circle side. It’s the character of a East Slavs national fairy tale with the same name, represented as a small yellow spherical being. It is casually created by the Old Man and his wife, as a bread dish, which suddenly becomes animated and escapes from home. The fairy tale plot describes Kolobok's repetitive meetings with various animals (rabbit, wolf and bear) intending to eat it, however Kolobok escapes by cunning. With each animal Kolobok enters a discussion, in which he explains his escape inductively: «I have escaped the Grandmother, I have escaped the Grandfather, and from you I will escape certainly». The fox manages to catch it and eat it, on account of its vanity.
2. Smileys using computer keys
Many ASCII representations of smiley faces have been developed over the years. Some feature non-smiling expressions or other elaborations. They come in two main varieties, those meant to be viewed sideways, and those meant to be seen upright.
:D (Smiling)
=) (Smiling)
;] (Winking)
:] (Neutral Expression)
:/ (Partial half smile)
:( (Frowning)
:'( (Crying)
:-) (Smiley with nose)
:o (Talking)
<:o) (party smile)
:p (Poking his tongue out)
The two original text smileys, :-) to indicate a joke and :-( to mark things that are not a joke were invented on September 19, 1982 by Scott E. Fahlman, a research professor at Carnegie Mellon University's Department of Computer Science. His original post at the CMU CS general board, where he suggested the use of the smileys, was retrieved on September 10, 2002 by Jeff Baird from an October 1982 backup tape of the spice vax (cmu-750x) as proof to support the claim.
The reverse, or left-handed, smileys (-: have also gained popularity for being a way to avoid having text smileys converted to graphical representations in certain settings such as instant messaging programs.
3. Unusual appearances of smileys
In May 2002, Luke Helder, a midwestern pipe-bomber, tried to replicate a smiley face in his pattern of pipe bombs. His first 16 bombs formed circles, the first in Nebraska and the second on the border between Illinois and Iowa. Those bombs completed the eyes. Two other bombs in Texas and Colorado were apparently the beginnings of the smile. However, he was captured before being able to complete it.
A certain species of Hawaiian spider, Theridion grallator, a.k.a. the Happyface Spider, has some morphs which display an uncanny smiley-face pattern on its yellow body.
The smallest incarnation of the smiley was created by Paul Rothemund of the California Institute of Technology. He used strands of DNA in a method he calls DNA origami to construct a complex two-dimensional nanostructure in the shape of a smiley face.
The 230km (143 mile) wide Martian crater Galle (on the Argyre Planitia) very strongly resembles a smiley face.
A smiley face can be seen within a properly placed dental implant in a dental radiograph.
Conclusion
To my mind, before long, hundreds and perhaps thousands of variations appeared, showing every possible emotion, concept, idea and even personalities.
The invention of text smilies was good idea. It allows to show emotions on distance. Because these textual elements have come to be called emoticons, which is short for emotive icons.
In my opinion, most popular smilies are :), ;), or =). But manu peoples is simply using one bracket sometimes.
Sources list