Accidental Rise

Accidental Rise.

I used an Accidental Rise, because I wanted to make one word of the sentence more prominent than the others.

Alternative Questions.

Alternative questions have the low-rising nuclear tone in the first intonation-group and the low-falling nuclear tone in the final intonation-group.

Disjunctive Question.

Disjunctive question consists of two intonation-groups.

The first intonation-group has generally the low-falling nuclear tone. I used the low-rising nuclear tone in the final intonation-group to show that I am not certain of the facts expressed in the first part of the question. But I could also use the low-falling nuclear tone in the tag to show that I am certain of the facts expressed in the first part of the question.

Intonation of Adverbials.

1. At the beginning of the sentence an adverbial phrase forms a separate intonation-group and it can be pronounced with the low-rising or mid level tone.
2. At the end of the sentence an adverbial phrase doesn’t form a separate intonation-group and remains unstressed.

Complex Sentences.

1)I used the Low Rise at the beginning of the complex sentence because an adverbial clause precedes the principal one (and also it makes a separate intonation-group).

E.g. If you want to have a/ rest, go to the\ country.

2)I used the low-falling nuclear tone at the beginning of the complex sentence because a principal clause precedes the adverbial one (and also it makes a separate intonation-group).

E.g.  Go to the \country ׀ if you want to have a \rest.

3) I used the low-rising nuclear tone at the beginning of the sentence because the principal clause implies continuation or it is non-final (and also it makes a separate intonation-group). The two parts of the sentence are closely connected.

Logical Stress.

I may use the Logical Stress if I want to shift the nucleus from the last notional word to some other word of the intonation-group.

Intonation of Parentheses.

1. At the beginning of the sentence a parenthesis is usually unstressed and doesn’t form a separate intonation group ( if you don’t attach any importance to the parenthesis phrase)
2. But if you attach more importance to the parenthesis at the beginning of the sentence it forms a separate intonation group and pronounced with any nuclear tone: Low Fall, Low Rise, Mid-Level or Fall Rise.
3. In the middle or in the end of the sentence parenthetical words and phrases are pronounced as the unstressed or half-stressed tail of the preceding intonation-group.

Intonation of Direct Address.

1. Direct address at the beginning of the sentence can be pronounced with the low-falling nuclear tone in formal serious speech and with the falling-rising tone to attract the attention or in a friendly conversation. It forms a separate intonation-group.
2. Direct address in the middle or at the end of the sentence is pronounced as the unstressed tail of the preceding intonation-group. It doesn’t form a separate intonation-group.
3. After the low-falling nucleus it can be pronounced with the low-rising tone.

The Author’s Words Following Direct Speech.

1. The author’s words which follow the direct speech are pronounced as an unstressed tail of the preceding intonation-group.
2. If the tail gets longer, it may form a separate intonation-group, but on a lower pitch level.
3. If the author’s words form two or more intonation-groups, the first of them doesn’t form a separate intonation-group. The second and the third are always stressed and pronounced each on a lower pitch level. The nuclear tone of the final intonation-group is usually that of the sentence in the direct speech.

The Author’s Words Preceding Direct Speech.

The author’s words introducing the direct speech form an intonation-group and pronounced with the mid-level, low-falling or low-rising nuclear tone.

Intonation of Enumeration.

If a sentence contains enumeration, all non-final intonation-groups are pronounced the Low Rise and the final intonation-group is pronounced with the Low Fall.

Please.

1. At the beginning of the sentence please is stressed, but usually it doesn’t form a separate intonation-group;
2. At the middle of the sentence please can be stressed and unstressed;
3. At the end of the sentence please is unstressed and doesn’t form a separate intonation-group.

Thank you.

1. If you pronounce thank you with the Low Fall , it will express your true gratitude (thanks);
2. But if you use the Low Rise you’ll express a formal gratitude (thanks).

The falling tone is generally used in statements and special questions (с вопрос. слова); the rising tone is generally used in general questions and requests (просьбах).