Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 05 Декабря 2012 в 01:55, реферат
Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting and safeguarding customs duties and for controlling the flow of goods including animals, personal effects and hazardous items in and out of a country. Depending on local legislation and regulations, the import or export of some goods may be restricted or forbidden, and the customs agency enforces these rules. The customs may be different from the immigration authority, which monitors persons who leave or enter the country, checking for appropriate documentation, apprehending people wanted by international arrest warrants, and impeding the entry of others deemed dangerous to the country.
Chapter I - What is customs?
1 Red and Green Channels
2 Privatization of customs
3 Customs services by country
4 Summary of basic custom rules
Chapter II - World Customs Organization: history, instruments, administration.
Chapter III - Regulations for the Federal Customs Service of Russia: organization, management.
Chapter IV - The Concept of Development of Customs Service up to 2010
I. General Provisions
II. The Goal, Tasks and Principles of Development of Customs Authorities
III. The System of Measures for Implementation of the Concept
IV. The Directions of Customs Authorities Development
V. The Implementation of the Concept
Conclusion
Starting from 2006 it is planned to use in the customs territory of the Russian Federation of customs documents, used by other member states of the European Union in accordance with the Convention on Simplification of Formalities in Trade of Goods (Brussels, 1987). In view of this, in 2006 - 2007 are to be changed the rules of declaring and the forms of cargo and transit customs declarations taking into account the requirements, envisaged for the Single Administrative Document of the European Union in using of the Convention on Single Transit Procedure (1987).
Stage II (2008 - 2010 and the forthcoming years), on the whole, the construction and equipping of the objects of customs infrastructure, will be over. Using of interagency information resources will allow organize the work of customs authorities on “one window” and “one stop” principles. Financial support shall be at the expense of the Federal budget, as well as other facilities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. It is planned to work out interdepartmental plans for realization of the Concept, including the interagency plan of fighting corruption.
The implementation of the Concept shall require relevant resources within the framework of the Federal target programs and departmental plans of purpose oriented measures, for setting up favorable conditions for legal and physical persons going through customs formalities and allowing reducing expenses by means of using universal international principles.
The implementation of the measures, envisaged by Federal target programs and departmental plans of purpose oriented measures, shall facilitate:
reducing of time spent by the foreign trade activities participants on customs formalities;
increasing of throughput capacity of check-points at the border of the Russian Federation due to putting into operation of new and modernized current check-points;
implementing of single standards and customs administration regulations, increasing of quality of support of the activities of foreign trade participants, using of unified customs documents and electronic declaring, which, in result, is going to reduce administrative expenses;
facilitating implementation of trade policies taking into account the social and economical and investment tasks.
The complex implementation of the Concept shall allow forming of a modern system of provision for the interests of the state in the field of customs, rendering of efficient counteraction to the threats of security of the Russian Federation, resolving social and economical tasks, creating favorable conditions for the activities of trade community, physical and legal persons.
Conclusion
In conclusion it should be noticed that customs is a highly complicated and highly developed institution. It plays an important role in the system of international relations. Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting and safeguarding customs duties and for controlling the flow of goods including animals, personal effects and hazardous items in and out of a country. Customs is an important part of the government involved in one of the three basic functions of a government, namely, administration, maintenance of law, order and justice and collection of revenue. This system faces many problems but it is constantly developing seeking new opportunities for better service.