Isaac Newton

  Isaac Newton - talented English physicist, mathematician, famous astronomer and a genius in mechanics, one of the legendary founders of the basic, classical physics, honorary member and later president of the Royal Society of London.

Childhood

  Father - Isaac Newton, a wealthy farmer, who died before his son was born. Mother - Hannah Eyskou, after the death of her husband remarried and abandoned son upbringing. The future scientist was born so painful that relatives believed that he would not survive, but Isaac lived to a ripe old age. Anna had three more children, but from his second marriage. Isaac was engaged exclusively in her brother, William Eyskou.

Education 

  Studying at school in Grantham, Newton discovered outstanding abilities, which has seen by teachers. The mother picked him up from school, trying to make him a farmer, but her attempts were in vain. Under pressure from his brother and teacher, Anna allowed him to finish school. After that, he successfully enrolled at Trinity College at Cambridge University.

Career

  While studying in college, Newton is trying to solve a scientific point of view of the phenomena in the world, which have not been explain. He interested in mathematics, in ‘21 displays binomial expansion of an arbitrary rational exponent. And receives a bachelor.

  In 1665 in England announced the plague. Quarantine lasted two years, and Newton, left college, entirely devoted to science. During these years, and was discovered the famous law of universal gravitation, which is connected with the legend of the fallen on the head of the physics of the apple. When the plague subsided, Isaac returned to Cambridge, where he received a master's degree. Continuing mathematical research, he became a professor of mathematics at the college. During these years, he has been studying optics and creates a reflecting telescope, which has been gaining popularity because it allowed to calculate more precise time for the heavenly bodies and helped the sailors to navigate. It is this invention was to Newton pass to the Royal Society, an honorary member of which he was elected.

  Newton correspondence with Leibniz, arguing with the great minds of the time about the nature of light. In 1677, Newton broke out in a house fire that destroyed part of the scientific work of physics. In 1679, after his mother died of the disease scientist.

  Their scientific research could be generalized Newton in his book "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy". He explained the basic concepts of mechanics, introduced new physical quantities (mass, momentum, the external force), formulated the laws of mechanics, to draw conclusions from the law of gravity to Kepler's laws, described parabolic and hyperbolic orbits of celestial bodies and expressed their views about the heliocentric system of Copernicus.

  Isaac Newton took part in the social life of England: in 1689, he was elect to Parliament. Early 90's he were marked by serious illness, general fatigue and break in scientific activities.

  In 1696, he became superintendent of the Mint in London, and from 1699, and its manager. In this position, Newton made many good for the state: the monetary reform has initiated and actively fought against counterfeiters.

  In 1703, Newton became president of the Royal Society, as had already recognize and respect scientist. He publishes the "optics", becomes a knight, and continues his research. Shortly before his death becomes a party to the fraud and money loses much of his fortune.

Personal life

  Newton survived by his descendants, as was never married: all his spare time he devoted to science, and his ordinary, gray appearance made him inconspicuous for women. Biographers mention only one of sympathy flashed in his youth Newton studying in Grantham; he was in love with Miss Storey, his contemporary, which supported the warm and friendly relations to the end of his days.

Death

  Newton spent the last few years in Kensington, where he died in his sleep March 31, 1727. Scientist buried in Westminster Abbey.

The main achievements of Newton

• Newton - founder of mechanics, an important branch of physics.
• Three law of physics.
• Law of universal gravitation.
• Spectrum of sunlight.
• Corpuscular theory of light.
• "Newton's rings".

• Integral calculation.
• Binomial
• Telescope.
• Explained from a scientific point of view of the movement of the Moon around the Earth and the planets around the sun.

Interesting facts from the life of Newton

• It was Newton laid the rainbow into seven colors. Moreover, initially it was lost sight of orange and blue, but then leveled the number of shades with the number of basic tones in the musical scale.
• The great scientist was not afraid to experiment on himself. Proving that a person sees the world because of pressure on the retina of light, Newton thin probe pushed himself to the bottom of the eyeball, almost at the same time deprived of his eyes. Fortunately, the eye remained intact and colored circles, who saw in this a physicist, proved the hypothesis put forward by him.
• Newton was respect and was an honorary member of the British House of Lords than one year. Meeting, he did not miss, but never acted on them. When went to the third year of social service, Isaac Newton suddenly stood up and asked to speak. All were amazed - in the House of dead silence reigned. A physicist-tired voice asked just close the window.
• By their distraction, Newton can be only with Albert Einstein. One day he decided to cook the egg itself, but instead dropped into boiling water his pocket watch. In addition, error physicist noticed only after 2 minutes, when it was necessary to pull out "egg".
• Newton belongs to one of the prophecies about the Second Coming of Christ: he called in 2060.