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The Department of the Treasury is an executive department and the treasury of the United States federal government. It was established by an Act of Congress in 1789 to manage government revenue. The Department is administered by the Secretary of the Treasury, who is a member of the Cabinet. Jack Lew is the current Secretary of the Treasury; he was sworn in on February 28, 2013.
. United States Department of the Treasury
Министерство финансов США (Казначейство США)
II. United States Treasury security
Ценные бумаги Казначейства США: виды, информация
III. Holdings
Казначейские векселя
Федеральное государственно образовательное учреждение
САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА
по дисциплине: «Иностанный язык(Английский)»
ТЕМА:
Выполнила студентка
Ростов-на-Дону
2013г.
Содержание:
Министерство финансов США (Казначейство США)
Ценные бумаги Казначейства США: виды, информация
Казначейские векселя
Department of the Treasury | |
Treasury Seal | |
Agency overview | |
Formed |
September 2, 1789 (223 years ago) |
Preceding Agency |
Board of Treasury |
Jurisdiction |
Federal government of the United States |
Headquarters |
Treasury Building |
Employees |
115,897 (2007) |
Annual budget |
$14 billion (2013) PDF |
Agency executives |
Jacob Lew, Secretary |
Child agencies |
Internal Revenue Service |
Website | |
treasury.gov |
The Department of the Treasury is an executive department and the treasury of the United States federal government. It was established by an Act of Congress in 1789 to manage government revenue. The Department is administered by the Secretary of the Treasury, who is a member of the Cabinet. Jack Lew is the current Secretary of the Treasury; he was sworn in on February 28, 2013.
The first Secretary of the Treasury was Alexander Hamilton, who was sworn into office on September 11, 1789. Hamilton was asked by President George Washington to serve after first having asked Robert Morris (who declined, recommending Hamilton instead). Hamilton almost single-handedly worked out the nation's early financial system, and for several years was a major presence in Washington's administration as well. His portrait is on the obverse of the U.S. ten-dollar bill while the Treasury Department building is shown on the reverse.
Besides the Secretary, one of the best-known Treasury officials is the Treasurer of the United States whose signature, along with the Treasury Secretary's, appears on all Federal Reserve notes.
The Treasury prints and mints all paper currency and coins in circulation through the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the United States Mint. The Department also collects all federal taxes through the Internal Revenue Service, and manages U.S. government debt instruments.
President George Washington appointed Alexander Hamilton as the first United States Secretary of the Treasury on September 11, 1789. He left office on the last day of January 1795. Much of the structure of the government of the United States was worked out in those five years, beginning with the structure and function of the cabinet itself.
In the next two years, Hamilton submitted five reports:
The basic functions of the Department of the Treasury mainly include:
A United States Treasury security is a government debt issued by the United States Department of the Treasury through the Bureau of the Public Debt. Treasury securities are the debt financing instruments of the United States federal government, and they are often referred to simply as Treasuries. There are four types of marketable treasury securities: Treasury bills, Treasury notes, Treasury bonds, and Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS). There are several types of non-marketable treasury securities including State and Local Government Series (SLGS), Government Account Series debt issued to government-managed trust funds, and savings bonds. All of the marketable Treasury securities are very liquid and are heavily traded on the secondary market. The non-marketable securities (such as savings bonds) are issued to subscribers and cannot be transferred through market sales.
Treasury bills (or T-Bills) mature in one year or less. Like zero-coupon bonds, they do not pay interest prior to maturity; instead they are sold at a discount of the par value to create a positive yield to maturity. Many regard Treasury bills as the least risky investment available to U.S. investors.
Treasury notes (or T-Notes) mature in two to ten years, have a coupon payment every six months, and have denominations of $1,000. In the basic transaction, one buys a "$1,000" T-Note for say, $950, collects interest over 10 years of say, 3% per year, which comes to $30 yearly, and at the end of the 10 years cashes it in for $1000. So, $950 over the course of 10 years becomes $1300.
Treasury bonds (T-Bonds, or the long bond) have the longest maturity, from twenty years to thirty years. They have a coupon payment every six months like T-Notes, and are commonly issued with maturity of thirty years. The secondary market is highly liquid, so the yield on the most recent T-Bond offering was commonly used as a proxy for long-term interest rates in general.This role has largely been taken over by the 10-year note, as the size and frequency of long-term bond issues declined significantly in the 1990s and early 2000s.
Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (or TIPS) are the inflation-indexed bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury. The principal is adjusted to the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the commonly used measure of inflation. When the CPI rises, the principal adjusts upward. If the index falls, the principal adjusts downwards. The coupon rate is constant, but generates a different amount of interest when multiplied by the inflation-adjusted principal, thus protecting the holder against the official inflation rate (as asserted by the CPI). TIPS are currently offered in 5-year, 10-year and 30-year maturities.
The "Certificate of Indebtedness" is a Treasury security that does not earn any interest and has no fixed maturity. It can only be held in a TreasuryDirect account and bought or sold directly through the Treasury. It is intended to be used as a source of funds for traditional Treasury security purchases. Purchases and redemptions can be made at any time.
Government Account Series Treasurys (GAS) are the principal form of intragovernmental debt holdings. Surpluses from the Social Security Trust Fund are invested in this type of security.
Savings bonds were created to finance World War I, and were originally called Liberty Bonds. Unlike Treasury Bonds, they are not marketable. In 2002, the Treasury Department started changing the savings bond program by lowering interest rates and closing its marketing offices. As of January 1, 2012, financial institutions no longer sell paper savings bonds. The annual (calendar year) purchase limit for electronic Series EE and Series I savings bonds is $10,000 for each series. The limit is applied per Social Security Number (SSN) or Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN). For paper Series I Savings Bonds purchased through IRS tax refunds (see below), the purchase limit is $5,000 per SSN, which is in addition to the online purchase limit.
For the quantitative easing policy, the Federal Reserve holdings of U.S. Treasuries increased from $750 billion in 2007 to over $1.7 trillion as of end-March 2013. On September 13, 2012, in an 11-to-1 vote, the Federal Reserve announced they were also buying $45 billion in long-term Treasuries each month on top of the $40 billion a month in mortgage-backed securities. The program is called QE3 because it is the Fed's third try at quantitative easing. The result is that an enormous proportion of the US debt is actually owed from the Treasury to the Federal Reserve. That is, the debt is owed from the US government to the US government.
As of November 2012, the top foreign holders (over $50 billion) of U.S. Treasury Securities are:
Holder |
$US billion |
1. China |
1,153.6 |
2. Japan |
1,121.5 |
3. Oil Exporters |
263.0 |
4. Caribbean Banking Centers |
256.9 |
5. Brazil |
253.9 |
6. Switzerland |
202.2 |
7. Taiwan |
198.0 |
8. United Kingdom |
153.6 |
9. Russia |
153.3 |
10. Belgium |
142.6 |
11. Hong Kong |
139.6 |
12. Luxembourg |
131.4 |
13. Ireland |
92.2 |
14. Singapore |
91.9 |
15. Norway |
73.9 |
16. France |
68.1 |
17. Germany |
64.0 |
18. Thailand |
58.8 |
19. Canada |
57.0 |
20. Mexico |
56.7 |
21. India |
51.9 |
I. Министерство финансов США (Казначейство США)
Министерство финансов США | |
Печать Министерства финансов США | |
Общая информация | |
Дата создания |
2 сентября 1789 |
Руководство деятельностью осуществляет |
Правительство США |
Штаб-квартира |
Вашингтон |
Число сотрудников |
115 897 (2007) |
Годовой бюджет |
$19,56 млрд (2009) |
Министр |
Джейкоб Лью |
Заместитель министра |
Нил Уолин |
Сайт | |
treasury.gov |
Министерство финансов США — один из исполнительных департаментов США.
В функции министерства входит разработка и исполнение экономической и денежной политики США, регулирование экспорта и импорта, финансовых организаций, сбор налогов, печать бумажных долларов и чеканка монет.
В настоящее время министерство финансов США имеет право финансировать государственные расходы за счёт сбора налогов, заимствования у ФРС под выпуск облигаций Казначейства, и увеличения государственного долга в ограничениях, устанавливаемых Конгрессом. Деятельностью министерства руководит министр, с 27 февраля 2013 министром является Джейкоб Лью.
Было создано в 1789. До этого, (с 1781 по 1784 год) финансами Континентального конгресса руководил Роберт Моррис, должность которого называлась «суперинтендант финансов». В 1784—1789 годы финансами Конгресса руководил совет из трёх комиссионеров.
С 2003 ряд агентств, ранее подведомственных министерству финансов, такие как Бюро по контролю за оборотом алкоголя, табака и огнестрельного оружия, Федеральный учебный центр, таможенная служба Соединенных Штатов, и Секретная служба США, были переданы в ведение министерства внутренней безопасности США. При этом вопросы, связанные с законным оборотом алкогольной и табачной продукции, остались в ведении Бюро по налогам и торговле алкогольной и табачной продукцией.
Основные функции Министерства финансов включают:
II. Ценные бумаги Казначейства США: виды, информация
Ценные бумаги Казначейства США (казначейские ценные бумаги) — государственные ценные бумаги, выпускаемые Министерством финансов США (Казначейством США) через действующее в его составе Бюро государственного долга. Это инструмент финансирования государственного долга. Выпускаются четыре вида казначейских ценных бумаг:
Информацию о котировках ценных бумаг Казначейства можно найти в разделе Market Data Center (подраздел Bonds, Rates & Credit Markets) газеты Уолл-стрит джорнал.
В колонке Maturity (срок погашения) указывается дата погашения ценной бумаги. В колонке Coupon — процентная ставка по купону (ставка процента на ценную бумагу). В колонке Bid (Бид) указана цена, установленная на предложение ценных бумаг, цена по которой можно продать ценную бумагу. Бид — это цена оптового предложения, по ней формально можно продать неограниченное количество соответствующих ценных бумаг. В колонке Asked (Аск) указывается цена по которой ценные бумаги можно приобрести. Цена приобретения это цена розничного приобретения, количество ценных бумаг которые можно приобрести по этой цене ограничено размером аска (Ask Size) . В колонке Chg (changed) указывается то, насколько цена бид в одной тридцать второй (1/32) изменилась со времени прошлого дня торгов. Цена приобретения (Asked) всегда больше цены предложения (Bid). Разница между ними является спредом. В колонке Asked yield указывается доходность к погашению если принять аск как стоимость ценной бумаги (начальная инвестиция — IC) в формуле расчёта доходности к погашению.
Информация о работе Экономика. Финансы управления. Ценные бумаги Казначейства США