Контрольная работа по "Иностранным языкам"

Apple was established in Cupertino (Calif.) Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, who in the mid-70-x built its first PC, based at the 8-bit microprocessor «MOS Technology 6502." By implementing a few dozen of these devices, Jobs and Wozniak officially registered the company April 1, 1976.

 

After some time, Apple has released a computer «Apple I». The device is not the first programmable microcomputer, such a microcomputer "Altair 8800", developed by Ed Roberts. However, "Altair" was not PC, because it does not allow to solve more or less complex tasks.

 

In 1976-1977. several companies have released the first PC, including Since 1977, thousands of companies implemented computer Tandy Radio Shack and Commodore. But the laurels of the first mass PC, produces millions of copies are owned computer «Apple II». From 1977 to 1993. the company produced a variety of models of the line «Apple II». In the early 80's-x «Apple II» was the proliferation of personal computers in the world. Around the world, was sold about 5 million units «Apple II».

Today, it is assumed that it is the computer «Apple II» opened the way to a new industry - the release of the PC.

 

1980 in the company's history was marked by a failed project «Apple III», but at the same time the firm had the largest IPO in history.

 

In 1981, Wozniak was in a plane crash, and was therefore forced to leave work on time. Lower sales «Apple III» are the reason that Jobs was forced to lay off many employees. Press has trumpeted the imminent end of Apple. In early 1983, Jobs, being unable to cope with the many challenges companies invited for the post of president of the firm of John Sculley, then held a similar position at the firm «PepsiCo». Scully started his work as president of the company in April 1983. Jobs has suffered setbacks Apple as their personal, so between him and the new head of the company began to emerge of friction and controversy.

 

In 1984 for the first time demonstrated the Macintosh. Subsequently, production of computers in this series was the main activity of the company. For two decades, the company released a PC Macintosh, which were created based on the Motorola brand and equipped with OC. The platform is available only Apple - at some time in the middle of the 90-x company took the decision to grant a license to issue compatible with Mac computers, but later the licenses were revoked.

 

Apple has traditionally had a strong position in the segments of education, government, publishers, as well as in the music industry and design. In 1985, then-President Ronald Reagan awarded Wozniak and Jobs medal for his contribution to technological progress. Some time later, Jobs left the company.

By the end of 90-x's case Apple have significantly deteriorated in 1996, with 2 losses totaled about $ 2 billion The situation changed dramatically with the return of Steve Jobs as head of Apple in 1997. The company has for itself open up new markets that are not directly related to computer technology.

In 2001, Apple demonstrated the iPod, which quickly became very popular,

 

and in 2007, introduced a smartphone iPhone.

In 2010, the company released a tablet computer iPad.

 

The launch of these new products, enjoyed high demand around the world, enabling dramatically improved the financial position of the company, bringing the company record profits.

In 2009, the Finnish giant Nokia accused Apple of violating several patents involving communication protocols, coding, voice signal, and a number of other inventions, applied to the iPhone with the appearance on the market of the first version of the device. As a result, the company was found guilty and was instructed to pay compensation to Nokia, and subsequently pay royalties.

 

In April 2011, the company filed a lawsuit against the company Samsung, accusing it of copying the software interface and the look of the iPad and iPhone in its line of gadgets Galaxy. Korean giant said allegations of patent infringement related to technology transfer in mobile networks. In August 2012, a court in Seoul found that both companies infringe patents to each other and banned the sale of the most popular devices of both corporations in South Korea.

 

In 2011, the German court found violations of patents in the field of wireless data company Motorola Mobility, Apple obliged to pay compensation to the latter, as well as securing the rights of telecommunications companies claim to remove the patented technology of the gadgets Apple. And the data wars continue today, but all of the litigation can not sink the emerging giant.

 

In May 2011 the company was recognized as the most expensive commercial brand in the world in the ranking agency Millward Brown. In June 2012, Apple has been recognized as a leader in customer satisfaction rating of ACSI.

Today, the company has received 5,440 patents, including, inventions - 4480 pcs., Design projects - 914 pcs. Apple turnover in excess of $ 70 billion company's products in high demand around the world. Thus, it is safe to say that today, Apple is one of the most famous brands in history, guaranteeing unsurpassed quality. 

 

At present the main products, published by Apple:

iPhone - Mobile phone (smartphone);

iPad - a tablet computer;

iPad mini - tablet computer with a screen diagonal of 7.9;

iPod Touch, iPod nano, iPod classic, iPod Shuffle - portable media player;

MacBook Pro - professional notebook;

MacBook Air - ultrathin laptop;

Mac mini - PC system unit;

iMac - desktop (monoblock). All in one: a system unit, monitor, audio, video, etc.;

Mac Pro - a desktop computer in a series of "work station";

Thunderbolt Display - computer monitors;

Mac mini Server and Mac Pro Server - server;

Apple TV - a media player;

In addition to a corporation produces accessories for these products, software, Magic Mouse, Trackpad, etc.