Problem statement

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Figure 1.4 – Database on PostgreSQL

 

Figure 1.5 – Database on MySQL

 

 

And as a result we have such result in the xml format:

One of example:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Labor protection and industrial ecology

A labor protection is the system of legislative acts, socio-economic, organizational, technical, hygienically and medical and preventive events and facilities, providing safety, maintenance  of health and capacity of man in the process of labour. Safe and harmless productive processes do not exist fully.  Task of labour protection - to take to  minimum probability defeats or diseases of working with the simultaneous providing comfort at  the burst  performance of labour. Study and  decision of the problems,  related to providing of healthy and safe terms  labour of man flows in that, - one of the most essential tasks in development of NT and systems of production.

Description of workplace, equipment, executable operations

             In this  division considered questions on a labor protection in the laboratory of propulsion MODULE "МУИТ" . Primary purpose development of electronic training and methodological complex for high school with the use of Web of technology in this laboratory. Propulsion MODULE of "МУИТ" consists of a 10 storied building. A laboratory is situated on the third floor. An area of one cabinet is 20-22 square of meters. Equipped jalousies, but windows are not present. In an office the quality finishing is done and a glass door is set and one of walls glass. Height from sex to the under roof on the average a 2,7 m. A twenty-four-hour guard, video supervision, checking of access system, is set. There is a presence of optical fiber line of the dedicated internet-channel in telecommunication; speed access in the Internet; local computer network. Also present: presence of parking, given parking seating capacity, from a calculation 100 square of meters; daily cleaning up of office; system.

Analysis of dangerous and harmful productive factors

The estimation of the informative loading consists in verification and prevention of terms defiant the informative  overload of computer user. Work of employees  of computer  centers  is directly related to the computer,  and accordingly with       additional noni-influence of whole group of factors,  that reduces the their labor productivity substantially. To  such  factors it is possible to take:

а) influence  of harmful  radiations  from  a monitor  and  from a computer;

b) influence  of electromagnetic radiations;

c) wrong luminosity;

d) the not rationed sound-level;

e) not comfort meteorological terms;

f) high tension and other factors.

 

4. Sanitation and occupational health

1. Parameters of microclimate in the workplace

             The parameters of microclimate can change in wide  limits,  while the necessary condition of vital functions of man is maintenance   of constancy   of temperature   of body   due to property of thermoregulation,  i.e. capabilities of organism to regulate the return of heat in an environment.

Basic principle  of setting  of norms of microclimate is creation of optimal terms for the heat exchange of body of man with    an environment. The sizes of parameters of microclimate, creating comfort terms, are set in  the sanitary norms of СНиП РК №3.01.035-97.  These norms are set depending on a season,  character of labor process and character    of shop floor   (considerable or insignificant heat). For working apartments with surplus heat to  20  kkal/of м3  the legitimate  and  optimal values of parameters of microclimate are driven to the table.

Время года	Зона	Температура воздуха, 0 C	Относительная влажность, %	Скорость движения воздуха, м/с
Холодный период	Оптимальная	18 - 21	60 - 40	< 0.2
Переходный период	Допустимая	17 - 21	< 75	< 0.3
Теплый период года (t > 100 C)	Оптимальная	20 - 25	60 - 40	< 0.3
	Допустимая	< 28 в 13 часов самого жаркого мес.	< 75	< 0.5

 

Table 3 are the Legitimate  and  optimal values of parameters of microclimate

Presently for providing of comfort terms both organizational methods and technical equipment’s are used. To the number organizational belong, rational organization of realization of works depending on a season and twenty-four hours, and also organization of correct alternation of labor and rest.  In this connection it is recommended in-plant to organize a green belt with benches for rest and reservoir (pools,  fountains). Technical equipment’s include ventilation,  acclimatization, heating system.

Calculation of reveal-drawing ventilation

Ventilation is the organized and managed exchange of air in an apartment for moving away of surpluses of warmth, moisture, harmful and other substances, and also making better микроклиматические terms in the served or working zone. Ventilation is общеобменная and local.

The systems of conditioning it is necessary to set so that neither warm nor cold air did not head for people. In apartments it is recommended to create a dynamic climate with the certain overfalls of indexes. The temperature of air at the surface of sex and at the level of head must not differ more than on 5 degrees. In apartments besides natural ventilation envisage reveal-drawing ventilation. By a basic parameter, qualificatory descriptions of a vent system, there is multipleness of exchange, i.e. how many one time per hour air will be replaced in an apartment.

Calculation for an apartment:

V_вент is a volume of air, necessary for an exchange;

V_пом is a volume of working apartment.

For a calculation we will accept the next sizes of working apartment :

length In = a 5 m.

width And = a 4 m.

a height of Н = is a 3 m.

Accordingly the volume of apartment is equal: 

The necessary for an exchange volume of air of V_вент i we will define coming from equalization of thermal balance :

- surplus warmth (Вт);

 

From = 0,237 is specific heat conductivity of air(W/of кгК);

Y = 1,2 is air(kg/of м3.) density.

The temperature of leaving air is determined on a formula:

, где

t = 1- 5 degrees is exceeding of t on a 1 m. heights of apartment;

  = 25 degrees is a temperature in the workplace;

Н = a 3 m. it is a height of apartment;

  = 20 degrees.

;

, где

- surplus of heat from an electrical equipment and illumination.

- a receipt is warm from a solar radiation.

- heat of selection of people.

 

 

 

1. , where

Е – coefficient of losses of electric power on теплотвод(Е=0,55 for illumination)

р – power, р=40 Вт * 20 = 800 Вт.

 Вт.

2) , where

м – number of windows. There are not windows in the laboratory of propulsion MODULE "МУИТ", consequently

м=0.

S – square of window,

k – coefficient, taking into account glazing,

 - 127 Вт/м – a receipt is warm from windows.

 

 Вт.

₃₎ , where

q = 80 Вт/чел,

n – Number of people, for example: n=7

Вт.

Вт.

From equalization of thermal balance ensues:

 

An optimal variant is a climatization, i.e. automatic maintenance of his state in an apartment in accordance with certain requirements(set temperature, humidity, mobility of air) regardless of change of the state of outward air and terms in an apartment.

2. Noise is in an apartment

It is set that noise worsens the terms of labour, rendering noci-influence on the organism of man. At the protracted affecting of noise man there are the undesirable phenomena: the sharpness of sight, rumor goes down, a piesis rises, attention falls down. Strong long noise can become reason  of functional changes cardiovascular and nervous systems.

Table 5.2.1 Rationed levels of voice pressure and sounds on workplaces

 

Уровень звукового давления, дБ, в октавных полосах со среднегеометрическими  частотами, Гц								Уровни звука и эквивалентные  уровни звука, дБА
63	125	250	500	1000	2000	4000	8000
71	61	54	49	45	42	40	38	50

The Building-acoustic methods of protecting from noise are envisaged by building norms and rules (СПиНРК №3.01.035-97), it:

• it is    a sound-proofing of non-load-bearing constructions, compression on the perimeter of chapels of windows and doors;
• are    sound absorbing constructions and screens;
• are    mufflers of noise, sound absorbing revetments.

The most expressed sound absorbing properties are possessed by fibred-porous materials: fiberboard flags, fiberglass, mineral cotton wool, polyurethane foam, porous PVC of and other To sound absorbing materials belong only those, coefficient of acoustic absorption of that not below 0.2.

In the laboratory of propulsion MODULE "МУИТ"  the sources of noise it was been: computer and ambient noise.

Radiations

A monitor is the basic supplier of electromagnetic radiations.

3. Illumination

Rational illumination of apartments - one of the most essential factors efficiency of labor activity of man depends on that.

Good illumination is needed  for  implementation  of most tasks of operator. In an order to plan the rational system of illumination, the specific of working task, for that the system of illumination,  speed and exactness with that this working task must be executed,  duration of his implementation and  different changes, is created in the conditions of implementation of working operations, is taken into account.

There are 4 lamps in a laboratory. For lack of windows in a laboratory insufficient illumination results in strong tension of eyes, rapid fatigueability and decline of quality of work.

Lamplight is used  in this apartment. The calculation of him comes true on  the method  of light  stream  taking into account the stream reflected from  walls and ceiling.

A general light stream is determined on a formula:

Еn is the rationed minimum luminosity, лк.

Еn =300лк

S  is a room measure;

h is a calculation height of suspension, h = a 3 m;

An is a width of apartment, And=4м;

In is length of apartment, In =a 5 m. Consequently S=A*B, S=20 м2 .

z1 is a coefficient,  taking into account aging of lamps and contamination of lamps(z1=1.5);

z2 is a coefficient, taking into account the unevenness of illumination of apartment( z2=1.1 );

V  is a coefficient of the use of light stream; determined depending on  reflectivity’s    from walls, ceiling, working surfaces,  types  of lamps and geometry of apartment.

We will choose from a table the coefficient of the use of light stream from next data:

- Whitewashed ceiling reflectance Rp = 70%;

- The reflection coefficient of the walls are painted in bright colors RCT = 50%;

- Reflectance from the floor linoleum dark Rp = 10%;

- The index premises

I=20/ (3* (4+5)) =0.74

Knowing the index of apartment of I, Рс and Рп, on a table we find V=0.34.

On a formula a general light stream is determined

 

Taking into account that in a lamp for 4 lamps, the light stream of one lamp will be equal   . For illumination we choose the fluorescent lamps of type of ЛБ20, light stream of that F_л = 1180 Лм.

 

We expect the watts-in of the lighting setting in accordance with a formula:

, (4.4)

where р is power of lamp, W;

N is a number of lamps, шт. of N=4;

n is a number of lamps in a lamp; for ЛЛ n=4.

P=20*4*4=320 W=0,32 kW.

We will expect actual illumination.

In a working apartment present 4 lamps, in each of that used for 4 lamps of ЛДЦ20. We will expect a light stream:

Ф = 820*4*4 = 3280 лк;

 

We will expect the value of the rationed luminosity :

Е  =  (Ф *N*η) / (S*Z*K)  = 227 лк ≤ 300 лк.

 

The got value of the rationed luminosity appeared the less rationed minimum luminosity. It is recommended to replace the used lamps, on lamps with a large light stream.

5.Электробезопасность

All electrical equipment must have the reliable protective grounding or understating in accordance with the requirements of Rules of device of electrical.

The earthling devices of electrical must conform to the requirements SWEAT Р О- 95120-001-94.

Subject grounding (to understating) :

are corps of electric machines, transformers, vehicles, lamps etc.;

are secondary winding of measuring transformers;

are frameworks of panel boards, control, corymbs and closets panels, and also removable or opened parts, if on the last an electrical equipment is set by tension higher 42 In alternating current;

are metallic constructions of distributive devices, metallic cable constructions, metallic cable connecting muffs, metallic shells of wires and armor of control and power cables, metallic sleeves and pipes of the electric wiring, casing and entablatures of bus bar, trays, baskets, other metallic constructions on that an electrical equipment is set;

are metallic corps movable and portable electro- receivers;

it is the electrical equipment placed on locomotive parts of machines and mechanisms.

            Earthling devices must provide safety of people and defense electro- options, operating office hours. For that part of electrical equipment, that can appear under tension because of violation of isolation, a reliable contact must be provided with an earthling device or with earthling constructions it is set on that.

          Using of earth is forbidden as a worker or zero wire.

Instrumental verification of the state of the protective grounding must be conducted not rarer than once in a year, and also after editing or repair.

          For providing of electrical it is necessary to observe next requirements:

- The construction of the productive equipment operated by electric energy must include a device(means) for providing of electrical;

- In an equipment, protecting must be provided from a casual touch to parts live-line;

- Pens, levers and buttons of equipment, to that touch hands during normal exploitation, must not appear under tension at the damage of isolation. To produce measuring of resistance of isolation in accordance with Rules SWEAT of Р О- 95120-001-94;

It is the equipment provided with the cord of feed, such fastening of cords, at that they would not be exposed to tension and wring in the places of joining of them into an equipment and the isolation of wires would be protected from an abrasion, must have;

- for the feed of lamps of general illumination tension must be used not higher 380/220 In alternating current at the earthed neutral and not higher 220 In alternating current at the insulated neutral;

- for the feed of separate lamps it is necessary to apply tension not higher 220 В. In apartments without an enhance able danger the indicated tension is assumed for all stationary lamps regardless of height of their setting;

- on facial and reverse parties of every panel of panel boards there must be clear inscriptions, indicative the number of shield and what line or aggregate the devices and apparatus, and also tension and sort of current, set on a panel behave to;

- the doors of apartments of electrical (shields) must constantly close;

-  setting and cleaning of lamps, changing of burnout electric tubes and repair of electric network must be executed at the taken off tension;

-  it is advertisement illumination, gas-discharge options, feed-in them transformers, the story shop-windows of and other must correspond to Rules SWEAT of Р О- 95120-001-94.