Автор работы: Пользователь скрыл имя, 26 Февраля 2013 в 22:56, доклад
Сельское хозяйство ФРГ это высокоинтенсивное производство. На каждый гектар удобрений здесь вносится больше, чем в Англии, Франции и США. Собственное производство пшеницы удовлетворяет спрос на 80%, сахара – на 85%, мяса – на 90%, молока – на 100%. Особенно развито животноводство, которое дает 80% всей продукции сельского хозяйства. Благоприятные условия для молочного животноводства имеется в предгорьях Альп, где на лугах содержится около 35% всех молочных коров страны.
Сельское хозяйство ФРГ это
высокоинтенсивное
Agriculture of Germany this high-intensity manufacture. On each hectare of fertilizers here it is brought more than in England, France and the USA. Own manufacture of wheat satisfies demand for 80 %, sugar – on 85 %, meat – on 90 %, milk – on 100 %. The animal industries which give 80 % of all production of agriculture are especially developed. Favorable conditions for dairy animal industries is available in foothills of the Alpes where on meadows contains about 35 % of all dairy cows of the country. The dairy direction prevails and in the north, in seaside areas. It is everywhere widespread свиноводство, on a livestock of pigs (over 20 million) The country wins first place in Europe. The plant growing is as though animal industries ancillary industry – the rye, oats, a potato, forage crops everywhere are cultivated, and on meadows and pastures 40 % of all of the agricultural area are necessary. Wheat became the basic grain culture. Especially it is appreciable in «a grain belt» from Shlezvig-Goltshtejna at east coast to Kelnsko-aachen "bay" in the west. Other wheaten area – the Danube plain in Bavaria. From commercial crops the sugar beet is most typical for Germany. It is cultivated in the warmest and fertile areas – at Hanover-Braunschweig and in Kelnsko-aachen "bay". The barley intended specially for brewing, is cultivated in Bavaria and in the Southwest, in the same areas hop plantations are located. Germany one of the world's largest manufacturers of hop. In residential suburbs vegetable growing is developed, in the South and the Southwest it is a lot of orchards. And still agricultural Germany, despite active development, has many problems. The average size of an economy in Germany – only 15 hectares. Experts of "Common market" consider what survive in competitive struggle only large modern economy the area of 80 hectares, with 40 dairy cows or 10 thousand goals of a bird can. Mountain areas of the Southwest where the average area of economy makes only 5-6 hectares especially strongly suffer. Therefore after introduction by the European union of uniform prices for grain, pork, beef and a bird, the government of Germany began to conduct a policy of reduction of number of farms. In the new earths of Germany agricultural it is developed also well enough. Except for sugar, southern fruit, early vegetables and some part of grain on bread, population supply by the basic foodstuff it is carried out at the expense of own agricultural manufacture. With a view of improvement of supply of the population by fresh perishable food (fruit, vegetables, milk, meat) round big cities are generated ogorodno-garden belts, are constructed suburban poultry farms by productivity over 500 thousand eggs a day and farms of a horned cattle and the pigs, calculated on placing to 20 thousand goals. The main branches of animal industries – manufacture of milk, pork and a bird. The share of forage crops grows in plant growing structure – corn on a silo, root crops, fodder barley, a potato, oats. The main grain culture – wheat. Basically it grow up around Magdebourg, Tjuringsky pool, the Leipzig bay. Rye crops are extended on less fertile soils, basically in the north, in the center and the southeast. Among commercial crops a sugar beet, the basic area which prevails is stretched from Magdebourg to the central part of the Leipzig bay.