The economic situation of the USA

The economic situation of the USA

By the end of the 20th century, the United States is the largest power in the world. The country is located in the climatic zones that is favorable to agriculture and tourism, has more than a hundred kinds of minerals. Of natural resources for the largest share in the total volume of products of mining industry in terms of cost are energy resources (90%) - oil, coal, natural gas, uranium. About 75% of metal production accounts for iron ore and copper. However, up to 50% of the needs of the national economy in mineral raw materials is satisfied by import. In particular, the US has no reserves of such strategic metals such as chromium, manganese, tungsten, cobalt. Having five percent of the world population, the country produces one fifth of the world production of copper, coal and oil. Agriculture of the United States delivers on the world market 50% of corn, 20% of beef, pork, lamb, about one third of wheat. USA - the world's largest buyer (13% of world imports) and seller (18% of world imports). Thus, what is characteristic for the American economy, state-owned enterprises can be counted on the fingers (the postal service and the Commission for nuclear research), even airlines and the telephone system in the United States privatized. The main efforts of the government is focused on the development and observance of the antitrust laws. The essence of this system is to prevent collusion of major companies (trusts) and the establishment of monopoly prices for goods and services.

The main features of the US economy,

place and role of the USA in the world economy.

The American model of economy is characterized by principal features of the globalization of business and the information revolution. The globalization of business means integration of the country and its economic entities in the world economy. Already, more than half of the income of large American corporations are created abroad: great value acquired the process of development of foreign trade and foreign investment. In turn, the US also receive advanced foreign investment goods and technologies; there are numerous affiliates and subsidiaries of European and Japanese firms. If at the end of the 1970s, foreign trade was connected to about 17% of the U.S. economy, by the end of the 1990s, the U.S. economy is already in a quarter dependent on exports. Strong foreign policy positions of the USA, the leadership of the American model of development of economy are determined by the leadership of the USA in the process of globalization. No other country in the world not yet in a position to oppose the more successful growth model. U.S. benefit even from that earlier economic theory at all times been unacceptable.

The US labor market.

The new economy would be unthinkable without a flexible labor market in the USA. Every American changes jobs every five years, or even more often. The labor force in the U.S. mobile, and can suddenly moved from the West to the East coast of the country and Vice versa, if there will be new jobs with high payment. In my time of life of Americans changed the motorization of the country and the presence of the beautiful roads, currently highly developed information, transport and housing infrastructure country opens new opportunities to all job seekers. In the United States employs many foreigners, attracted by the higher wages than at home. Foreigners represent the best intellectual potential of the European and Asian countries, and a large unskilled labour force. But the country's economic development is not as smooth. One can note some problems that have not been resolved in the 1980s and 1990s.

Social inequality in American society.

The new economy has made the rich richer and the poor poorer. Reform Reagan were to improve the living standards of middle class Americans, with most of this won upper-middle class. Ergonomic led to huge income differentiation. The richest Americans make up 1% of the population and control 45% of all financial resources of the country. The average level of salaries of heads of some 2.5 million us dollars. in the year, and the income of the poorest families do not exceed 15 thousand dollars. per year for a family of four. The least wealthy Americans in total, there are about 15% of the population (40 million people).

The rural economy of the USA.

 The rural economy of the USA it is noteworthy development in it of the agro-industrial complex (AIC), reflecting an effective combination of science, agriculture, transport and processing agricultural raw materials industries. AIC is a single technological chain, starting in the research laboratories of the creation of new varieties of plants, then comes the process of production in the field under continuous computer control, harvesting, and transporting for subsequent storage and processing, and completes the cycle of sale of production through the trading network. In the United States, the availability of agro-industrial complex promotes high competitiveness of American agriculture. The main crops for agriculture are almost all known species of plants (wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables, cotton, and so on), developed and livestock, especially poultry. The USA is the world's largest grain producer.

U.S. industry

 American industry is a priority science-intensive technology, creating products based on the most advanced technologies. Investments in the sphere of production have become one of the engines of economic recovery in the United States in the 1990s. Investments correspond to about 11% of GDP. More than half of all investments in the industry are the acquisition of computers and Informatics. On the basis of introduction of advanced technologies in the production process, there was a considerable reduction of expenses, growth of labor productivity. In the United States developed the whole range of industries, ranging from traditional (mining, metallurgical, petrochemical), to the latest (aerospace, microelectronics, production of new materials and so on). Most important is the production of means of telecommunications, vehicles, modern industrial equipment and consumer durables. The highest income (profit growth in the mid-1990s - 70%) bring the electronics and electrical industry.

The scope of services USA 

The scope of services is the main sector of the American economy developed practically in all directions. This traditional tourism, banking and Commerce, education and medicine. Lately priority given to the development of consulting, marketing and management services, as well as new, rapidly growing information technology. The sphere of services accounts for 80% of the total increase of employment in the country. Simultaneously with the growth of number of employed in the sphere of non-material production there is a release of high-paying jobs in industry due to increased productivity, automation and mechanization of jobs.

Of great importance to the economy with transport services. In the United States developed all kinds of transport, the country has excellent transport infrastructure. In the field of cargo transportation dominates rail transport, and in passenger transport are of the greatest importance road and air transport.