The grammatical and lexical changes in an official letter translation

Translation is the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language and the production, in another language, of an equivalent text that communicates the same message. Translation must take into account a number of constraints, including context, the rules of grammar of the two languages, their writing conventions, their idioms and the like. Consequently, as has been recognized at least since the time of the translator Martin Luther, one translates best into the language that one knows best. Traditionally translation has been a human activity, though attempts have been made to computerize or otherwise automate the translation of natural-language texts (machine translation) or to use computers as an aid to translation (computer-assisted translation). Perhaps the most common misconception about translation is that there exists a simple “word-for-word” relation between any two languages, and that translation is therefore a straightforward and mechanical process.

1. The theoretical issues of Translation.
Lexical and grammatical transformations………………………………… …….

2. Official Letter writing Rules …………………………………………………..

3. Lexica-grammatical changes in an official letter translation…………………...

4. Some Abbreviations using on official letter……………………………………