The history of science

The history of science

The emergence of science in Kazakhstan began in the early XX century, when was created the Ural veterinary station (1897), Krasnogorodsky seed station (1909). Later, they added a Ural agricultural experimental station (1914), the Almaty sanitary-bacteriological Institute (1925). To the 40s in the Republic worked 12 universities, 11 research and design-technological organizations, 2 design Institute, 2 agricultural experimental station, 6 factory research and development and engineering departments, Botanical gardens and Zoological Park in Alma-ATA. These research organizations mainly dealt with the issues of development of agriculture and health. Beginning of a rapid rise of the productive forces of the Republic required a more intensive research on problems and other sectors of the economy and implementation of their results. In this regard, created in 1932 by the Kazakhstan base of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which had two sections Zoological and Botanical, in 1938 was reorganized into the Kazakh branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, in which before the beginning of the great Patriotic war worked 100 research staff, including 3 doctors and 14 candidates of Sciences. During the war years in the branch were established 13 research institutes and employees carried out preparations for the organization of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. During this period in the development of science of Kazakhstan scientists helped much by academicians V. A. Obruchev, S. I. Vavilov, I. P. Bardin, V. L. Komarov, F. I. Grigoriev. May 31, 1946 the legislative bodies of the Republic issued a decree "On the establishment of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR". It was first approved by the Academy of Sciences, which included prominent figures of science, technology and culture of Kazakhstan, academicians M. O. Auezov, A. B. Bekturov, I. G. Galuzo, M. I. Goryaev, K. A. Zhubanov, N. G. Kassin, S. K. Kenesbaev, N. In. Pavlov, M. P. Rusakov, K. I. Satpayev, N. T.Sauranbayev, G. A. Tikhov And V. G. Fesenko, S. V. Yushkov. The first President of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan was elected K. I. Satpayev, who in the same year became a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In the period up to the 80s, the development of the economy in Kazakhstan had a higher rate than in the whole Union. This process was accompanied by intensive scientific and technical progress. Over the years teams of scientists and specialists of Kazakhstan for the development and implementation of science and technology were awarded Lenin and State prizes. In the Republic in these years a number of new scientific-research and design organizations, including the six institutes of the national Academy of Sciences. By the beginning of 80-s in Kazakhstan there were 140 scientific institutions in which he worked 21,1 thousand persons. The main scientific efforts were concentrated in the Academy of Sciences - 31 scientific institution, of which 24 research Institute. Scientists of the Academy of Sciences conducted research on almost all major sectors of economy and science. Major scientific power was also available in 55 higher education institutions of the Ministry of higher and secondary special education, 13 research institutions of the Ministry of health, 14 research institutes of the Eastern division of agricultural Sciences, 3 NGOs of the Ministry of agriculture of the Republic. In addition, applied research were 40 branches and departments of the Union Institute, located in Kazakhstan. In 90-ies in Kazakhstan there were 279 research institutions, including branch offices and independent laboratories of research institutes and universities subordinate to the Union. The number of employees the main scientific and technological activities amounted to 50.6 thousand people. Since gaining independence, the Republic began the formation of new approaches to the development of science and management of NTP in accordance with the tasks of Kazakhstan as a sovereign state. Questions of formation of independent scientific and technical policy and science management system of the country were the basis of the law of RK "On science and state scientific and technical policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan", adopted in January 1992 In February by the Ministry of science and new technologies. After several reorganizations of the Republican authority that implements the state scientific and technical policy was the Ministry of education and science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Administered by the Ministry of education and science currently there are 55 scientific organizations. They employ more than 5 thousand people, including more than 2.3 thousand scientific employees, including 450 doctors of Sciences and about 1000 candidates of Sciences.