The general pattern of education in the USA

Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan 
MKKT

 

Education in USA

 

student group performed 12-12 Mahmadiyarov Mashrab

The American system of school education differs from the systems in other countries. There are state public schools, private elementary schools and private secondary schools. Public schools are free and private schools are fee-paying.

The general pattern of education in the USA is an eight-year elementary school, followed by a four-year high school. This has been called  8—4  plan organization. It is proceeded, in many localities, by  nursery  schools  and kindergartens. It is  followed  by  a  four-year  college  and  professional schools.  This  traditional  pattern,  however,  has  been  varied  in  many 
different ways. The 6—3— 3 plan consists of a six-year elementary school,  a three-year junior high school, and a three-year senior high school.  Another variation is a 6—6 plan organization,  with  a  six-year  elementary  school followed by a six-year secondary school.

 

General Pattern of Education in the USA

Elementary education begins at the age of six or seven, when a child goes to the first grade (form). At the age of sixteen schoolchildren leave the elementary school and may continue their education at one of the secondary schools or high schools, as they call them. The programme of studies in the elementary school includes English, Arithmetic, Geography, History of the USA, Natural sciences and, besides, Physical Training, Singing, Drawing, wood or metal work, etc. Sometimes they learn a foreign language and general history.

The length of the school year varies among the states.  Wide  variation 
exists also in the length of the school day. A common practice  is  to  have 
school in session from 9:00 to 12:00 in the morning and from  1:00  to  3:30 
in the afternoon, Monday through  Friday.  The  school  day  for  the  lower 
grades is often from 30 minutes to an hour  shorter.  Most  schools  require 
some homework to be done by  elementary pupils.

   The elementary schools tend to be small. The high schools are generally larger and accommodate pupils from four or five elementary schools. A  small town generally has several elementary schools and one high school.  In  some rural communities the one-room country school house still exists.  Here  may be found from five to twenty-five pupils in grades one  through  eight,  all taught by the same teacher.

The National Government gives no direct financial aid to the institutions of higher education. Students must pay a tuition fee. This creates a finantial hardship for some people. Many of the students have to work to pay their expenses. Americans place a high value on education. That's why Kennedy said, "Our progress as a nation can be no swifter than our progress in education".

 Higher educational institutions usually are  governed  by  a  board  of 
regents or a board of trustees.The executive head of a college or a university is usually  called  the president. The various colleges or schools which take up  a  university  are headed by deans. Within  a  school  or  college  there  may  be  departments according to subject matter fields,  each  of  which  may  be  headed  by  a professor who is designated as department head or  chairman.  Other  members of  the  faculty  hold  academic  ranks,  such  as   instructor,   assistant professor, associate professor, and professor. Graduate  students  who  give some part-time service may be designated as graduate assistants or fellows.

Professional education  in  fields  such  as  agriculture,  dentistry,  law, engineering, medicine, pharmacy, teaching, etc. Is pursued  in  professional schools which may be part of a university or may  be  separate  institutions which confine their instruction to a single profession.  Often  two,  three, or four years  of  pre-professional  liberal  arts  education  are  required before  admission  to  a  professional  school.  Three  to  five  years   of specialized  training  lead  to  professional  degrees  such  as  Doctor  of Medicine, Bachelor of Law, etc.

  It usually takes four years to meet the requirements for a Bachelor  of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree. A Master of  Arts  or  Master  of  Science degree may be obtained in one or two additional years. The  highest  academic degree is the Doctor of Philosophy. It  may  take  any  number  of  years  to 
complete the original research work necessary to obtain this degree.

 In general, higher education in the USA may be divided into  two  broad fields: liberal arts and professional. Each of these fields may  be  further 
subdivided  into  undergraduate  and  graduate  levels.  The  liberal   arts program, on the undergraduate  level,  may  be  a  two-year  junior  college course, or a four-year course leading to a degree of  Bachelor  of  Arts  or Bachelor of Science. The four-year  course  is  usually  subdivided  into  a 
lower division (which may be called the junior college), consisting  of  the two first years, and the upper division, which is the last  two  years.  The 
first two years continue the general education and specialization begins  in 
the third year.

Princeton

 

    Harvard

 

Yale