Makaryev Monastery

Federal Agency of Education Russian Federation

Nizhny Novgorod University of Architecture and Civil Engineering

Institute of Architecture and Citi-planing

Faculty of Service and Tourism

Chair of Foreign Languages

 

 

 

 

 

COURSE PROJECT

 

Makaryev Monastery

 

 

 

 

Executed: student Ponyaeva M.S.

  Group Т5з07

  Checked up: senior teacher

Smirnova E.V.

 

 

 

 

 

Nizhny Novgorod

2013

Content:

 

Introduction3

 

Chapter I. Description of the Makaryev Monastery4

1. History of the object4
2. The technical condition4
3. Tourist interest5

 

Chapter II. Tourist prospects4

2.1. Ways of increasing of tourist interest5

   2.2. Practical value of the course project 6

 

Conclusion4

The list of literature4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Introduction.

 

Makaryev Monastery is situated on the left bank of the Volga River in 90 km from Nizhny Novgorod.

This place is worth visiting. It is really splendid. In addition, it’s one of the excursion places, (to) where you can get by pleasure boat, getting pleasure. This trip will impress you greatly.

The urgency of the subject is conditioned by the following facts. First of all, it’s cultural property of our region; secondly, it keeps a number of ecclesiastical values and attracts a lot of tourists.

The purpose of my work is to create the description of Makaryev Monastery, consider its tourists prospects, and make the excursion about this monument of history and culture.

The main tasks of the project are 1) characteristics of Makaryev Monastery, 2) study of tourist prospects, 3) offer the excursions about the monastery.

The course project consists of two chapters: «characteristics of Makaryev Monastery», «Tourist prospects», introduction, conclusion, the list of literature.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter I. Description of the Makaryev Monastery.

1. History of the object.

 

The Monastery was founded in 1435 by Monk Makariy, who was canonized ranked among saints. Some years later the monastery was ravaged by Tatars and Makariy had to leave that place.

Two centuries later the Monastery was rebuilt and got the name after Makary Zheltovodsky. It got such name because there was Lake Yellow, which was swallowed by the Volga.

The location of the monastery influenced the development of the trade. The Makaryev Fair was officially founded in 1641, when Tsar Michael Fedorovich ordered to give all duty income back to the monastery «to buy candles, incense, and food and to construct the church».

Thus, the trade provided the fast growth of monasterial well-being and promoted the quick construction of temples and fortress walls. The future Patriarch Nikon lived in the monastery in the XVII^th century. The author of famous «Lives of the Saints» Archpriest Avvakum went to Makaryev Monastery, too.

Not far from the monastery there was a settlement, which was changed into the town of Makaryev in 1779. The year of 1816 became tragic for Makaryev. There was a fire in 1816. All fair buildings were burnt, and after that the fair was moved to Nizhny Novgorod. The Male Monastery was closed in 1868. It was renewed as female. It existed up to 1927. At soviet time its building was used as orphanage, hospital and technical secondary school. The monastery was restored in 1991. That year it was given back to Nizhny Novgorod Eparchy. At present monumental architecture of the monastery is completely restored.

The town of Makaryev was renamed as a settlement and the centre of the district was moved to Lyskovo.

 

 

 

2. The technical condition.

 

At present the main part of its territory, surrounded by the fortress wall with towers, is a rectangle. The walls of the monastery have gun-ports of the lower fight and loop-holes for shooting. There are arched niches in the thick layer. The fighting stroke is covered with wooden roofing.

The Complex of the conventual buildings was well preserved, with the exception of one-headed stone Vsesvyatskay Church, situated in the north-west of the monastery. The compositional centre of these buildings is five-headed Troitsky Cathedral.

The wholeness of perception of the conventual complex is preserved up to date. It is conditioned by the compositional unity of architectural face of the buildings, united by functional meaning and harmonious combination of the architectural ensemble with natural landscape, free from late building.

The degree of preservation of its separate object is high, too. At present practically all buildings of its complex are restored.

 

3. Tourist interest.

 

The main landmark of the monastery is Troitsky Cathedral. It’s beautiful, monumental and majestic. It’s worth attention. It was built in 1658. It’s a six-pillar five-headed temple with three vipers; their low walls emphasize the height of the main volume. Four round massive pillars support the vaults of Troitsky Cathedral.

At the end of the XVII^th century or at the beginning of the XVIII^th century all the walls and vaults were covered with painting. Blue, red-brown and yellow tones are shaded by pure black colour. The walls are covered with human figures, horses, fairy buildings, rocks and trees. Many different pictures, united in solid belts, encircle the temple. Though the plot was taken from church themes, artists depicted them, showing the real life as usual appearance, placing characters of biblical stories in the atmosphere of everyday life.

The Church in honour of Assumption of Saint Virgin with hip belfry, The church in the name of Saint Makary Zheltovodsky, Nadvratnaya Church in the name Archangel Michael, The Cell temple in the name of in the name of monk Anthony great, Church in the name of Saint Gregory Pel`shemsky, situated on the territory of the monastery, are of great interest.

The main sacred things of its place are Head of Saint Makary Zheltovodsky and the Icon with a piece of his relic.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter II. Tourist prospects.

2.1. Ways of increasing of tourist interest.

 

Without doubt, Makaryev Monastery will always attract tourists. This interest proves that in Russ` all monasteries were cultural centres.

A trip to Makariev by motor-vessel is unforgettable. It looks unusually beautiful (when you are on board).

To my mind, the following aspects would promote the increasing of tourists:

1. Conservation of all tourist attractions. For example, the spring of conventual water has great popularity among pilgrims and tourists. However, it`s possible to increase the influence of given factor more. It`s necessary to restore the lodge for the spring (now it’s half destroyed, dark wooden), to offer visitors some unique container for water instead of simple bottles, which they bring with them (for instance, bottles of original shape with the illustration of the monastery).
2. Conservation of its restorations and addition to its image some new material elements, such as a beautiful summerhouse, an interesting plant in the garden. However, this point should be used carefully. In fact, the restoration, which was made in the monastery, is comparable it to modern face (bright paints, everything looks too new), but the image of old times and mysteriousness ought to be left in this historical building.
3. Popularization of its image: SMI (the expansion of the themes not only about Makary`s day, but also about the history of the monastery and Makary`s life); brochures selling about monasterial history, selling of postcards with monastery`s illustration, its separate construction and internal decorations.

 

 

2.2. Practical value of the course project.

 

Excursion about the Makaryev Monastery.

 

Hellow, today you will see a unique building of the cultural heritage of Nizhny Novgorod Region. Pay attention! Entering it, you can find some trade shops where you can buy different souvenirs and church accessories. Don`t worry, if you haven`t got a kerchief or a skirt, because you can borrow them here. So, Makaryev Monastery was founded by native of Nizhny Novgorod Makariy in 1435. In 1439 the monastery was burnt and ravaged by Tatars. Makary was taken to captivity but soon he was free, promised not to rebuild the monastery on the former place. Makary left than place for Kostromskie forests and founded the other monastery of the Uzhn River. Thus, the history of the architecture of the monastery in Makaryev on the Volga has begun since 1620, the year of its renewal. In 1624 the first wooden church was built here.

All main buildings were erected in Makaryev Monastery for a short period of time from 1651 till 1667, so it looks as united architectural ensemble. In its modern type its territory has a shape of quadrangle (each side is 200 m long). It was a strong fortress. It was built from 1662 till 1667 and was used for protection of the monastery and the fair from public insurrections.

Today we see that the territory of the Makaryev Monastery has a shape of quadrangle with round towers on the corners and with the gate in the middle of each wall.

Further, we’ll see the ensemble of the conventual buildings, which consists of splendid Svyatotroitsky Cathedral of 1658, where the frescoes of the XVI^th century were preserved, the Church of Assumption with the hip belfry and the refectory. Later the monastery was surrounded by fortress walls with the towers. In the south wall the dwelling cells and the church of Michael Archangel were built. At the beginning of the XIX^th century the church of the Makary Zheltovodsky was built connected with the cathedral by the colonnade.

The refectory of this monastery (1651) is a two-storey building. The ground floor was of economic importance and during the fair times it was used as a storehouse for goods. The Church of Assumption adjoined the big hall of the refectory and on the opposite side the church-porch connected it with the belfry.

Over the walls of the monastery there were round towers, between them there were square towers with the gate. On the south side turned to the river, there was the main entrance – Saint Gate with the Church of Michael Archangel. Originally, the church was one-headed, but in 1670 it was changed into five-headed one.

Pay attention to the walls of the monastery. They have gun-ports of the lower fight and loop-holes for shooting. There are arched niches in the thick layer; the fighting stroke is covered with wooden roofing. The height of the walls is 8 m; the width is 2, 5 m.

In conclusion, I must say that the monastery has recently changed: it has become cleaner, the monastery buildings and their decorations have become better. In summer there are many plants, flowers and trees. There are wells, where you can get clear drinkable water. There are many interesting and beautiful places for taking pictures. After our excursion we`ll be able to sit and relax in the summer-houses. Those who wish to work can help attendants and nuns to get the water, weed flower-or vegetable beds, and clean the carpet etc. Thank you for attention.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conclusion.

 

The above statement proves that the face of the Makaryev Monastery has changed lately into one of the most popular place of tourist attraction in Nizhny Novgorod region. It used to be a quiet place on the bank of the Volga, visited by pilgrims once a year.

In chapter I the characteristic of the monastery was done. Learning the history of it, we have known that the monastery was renewed in 1991. Before it the monastery was ravaged, used as the fair, was burnt. Despite the fact that the monastery suffered the difficulties, it is completely restored at present. It appears that the Makaryev Monastery attracts a lot of tourists.

In chapter II the ways of increasing of tourist interest were offered. In fact, it’s necessary to preserve everything that attracts tourists and distinguishes it from the other orthodox sacred places. The restorations of the Monastery and its popularization should be continued.

In conclusion, the short excursion about the Monastery was formed.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The list of literature:

 

1. Agafonov S.L. Gorky. Balahna. Makaryev. – M., 1987. P. 275-302;
2. Agafonov S.L. Makaryev – on – Volga//Monuments of Fatherland. – M., 1989. P. 136-146;
3. Galai Y.G. Makaryev Monastery in the first decade. //The Monuments of History and Architecture of European Russia. (Exploration, Restoration, Protection). – N. Novgorod, 1995. P. 216-224;
4. Makary, Archimandrite. The monuments of church antiquities. – N.Novgorod, 1999. P. 323;
5. Tatarinov E. Makaryev Zheltovodsky Monastery//Zodchy. 1902. №29. P. 327-330; №52. P. 599-604;
6. Filatov N.F. Cities and Trading quarters of Nizhegorodskoye Povolzhie in the XVII^th century. – Gorky 1989. P. 132-159.