Мұғалімнің құзырлылығы қазіргі заман талабы. Мұғалімнің кәсіби шеберлігін дамыту, білімін жетілдіру және өзін-өзі дамыту

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Білім мен ақпарат үстемдік құрған қоғамда білім беру жүйесі инновациялық экономиканың негізгі бөлігі болып табылады. Қатаң талаптары қалыптасып келе жатқан инновациялық экономика қай салада болса да, бүгінгі маманның құзіреттілігін, яғни өз саласы бойынша ой-пікірінің қалыптасуын, кәсібилігін, өмірдің өзгермелі жағдайына бейімділігін, оны қажеттілікке қарай толықтырып отыруды талап етеді.

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Бақытжанова Ақмарал Амангелдіқызы

Ақтөбе облысы Шалқар ауданы Қорғантұз орта мектебі

 

Баяндама тақырыбы:  Мұғалімнің құзырлылығы қазіргі заман талабы. Мұғалімнің кәсіби шеберлігін дамыту, білімін жетілдіру және өзін-өзі дамыту.

 

    Білім мен ақпарат үстемдік құрған қоғамда білім беру жүйесі инновациялық экономиканың негізгі бөлігі болып табылады. Қатаң талаптары қалыптасып келе жатқан инновациялық экономика қай салада болса да, бүгінгі маманның құзіреттілігін, яғни өз саласы бойынша ой-пікірінің қалыптасуын, кәсібилігін, өмірдің өзгермелі жағдайына бейімділігін, оны қажеттілікке қарай толықтырып отыруды талап етеді.

      Білім негізі –мектеп болатын болса, мектептің басты жүрегі –мұғалім. Мұғалім –мамандық болса, ұстаздық – қасиет, табиғат дарытқан құдірет.

   Білім  – қоғамды әлеуметтік, мәдени  үрдіспен қамтамасыз ететін жоғары  құндылық. Осы жоғары құндылық  сапасын көтерудің басты шарты  – педагогтардың кәсіби құзіреттілігін  дамыту болып табылады.   

   Педагогикалық  Білім концепциясында «мұғалім  өз пәнін міндетті түрде терең білуге тиісті, сонымен қатар оқу үрдісіне қатысатын мүмкіндіктердің өз орнын біліп оны уақытында бағыттап, нәтижеге жетелеп, дер кезінде түзетулер енгізе алатын құзіретті тұлға болуы керек»  делінген.

    «Құзіреттілік», яғни латын тілінен аударғанда құзырлық- өз ісін жетік білу, танымы мол, тәжірибелі» деген мағынаны білдіреді.

    Құзырлылық оқытушының мамандықпен ғана шектеліп қалмай, ауқымды сұрақтар төңірегінде бағытталуын, кәсіби мобилділігін, өзгерістерге ашықтығын, өз білімін дамытуға дайындығын қамтамасыз етеді.

    Жалпы алғанда құзырлылық –  күнделікті өмірдің нақты жағдайларында  пайда болатын проблемалар мен міндеттер                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             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       Соның ішінде атап айтар болсақ:

     Арнайы құзыреттілік - өзінің кәсіби  қызметпен жоғары деңгейде айналысатын  және кәсіби дамуын одан әрі  жобалай білетін қабілет.

   Әлеуметтік  құзыреттілік – бірлескен кәсіптік қызметпен айналысу қабілеті (ұжыммен, топпен), қызмет ету, басқару кәсібінде қабылданған кәсіби қарым-қатынас тәсілдерін қолдана білу.

   Білім  беру құзыреттілігі – білім  беру қызметінде кәсіби білімді, білік пен дағдыны, мақсат қоюшылықты  игеруге деген қызығушылығы, педагогикалық және әлеуметтік психологияның негіздерін қолдана білу іскерлігі.

Ақпараттық құзіреттілік – айрықша назар аударуды қажет етеді.Себебі ақпараттық қарым-қатынас технологиясын игеру әр маманнан талап етіледі. Ақпараттық ресурс- ақпарат көзін алу үшін династиялық  оқыту, мультимедиялық, электрондық проблемаларды меңгеру.

    Сондай-ақ педагог мамандардың құзырлылығын қалыптастырудың 8  деңгейін қарастыруға болады:

  • Пәндік – мамандық қызметтеріне байланысты қойылатын проблемаларды шешу қабілеттілігі.
  • Аналитикалық бақылау – пәндік іс-әрекеттерін талдау мен бақылау проблемаларын шешу қабілеттілігі.        
  • Ұйымдастырушылық – оқушылардың өзіндік іс-әрекеттерін ұйымдастыруға бағытталған проблемаларды шешу қабілеттілігі.            
  • Комуникативтік  -   «Мұғалім-Оқушы»,   «Оқушы-Оқушы», «Мұғалім –Ата-ана» және т.б.жүйелердегі қарым-қатынасты проблемаларды шешу қабілеттілігі.
  • Бейімделген- қазіргі жағдайдың өзгерістері мен талаптарына сәйкес проблемаларды шешу қабілеттілігі.
  • Ынталық/психологиялық  - психологиялық, жекетұлғалық, жекетұлғалар арасындағы өзара қарама-қайшылықты шешу проблемаларының қабілеттілігі.
  • Жобалық – мектепті, мұғалімді және оқушыны дамыту жобаларын шешу қабілеттілігі             
  • Ғылыми-ізденістік – мектептің, мұғалімнің және оқушының даму нәтижелерін зерттеуді ұйымдастыру және оны өткізу проблемаларын шешу қабілеттілігі.

 

   Кәсіби  құзырлылық негізіне тәжірибелік  біліктілік жатқызылады. Ол педагогикалық  тапсырмаларды орындауға бағытталған  педагогикалық әрекеттер жүйесі.  

     

   

(бойынан ) құзырлылықтар кездеседі.

  Жалпы алғанда мұғалімнің кәсіби құзырлылығы, оның өзіне деген сенімділігінен, кәсіби қызметте өзін-өзі көрсетуінен басталады.

   

Кәсіби құзырлылыққа әсер етуші факторларға тоқталар болсақ;

Құзырлылық биігінен көріну үшін  жеке бастың қасиеті мен өзіндік ерекшеліктері, мұғалімнің іскерлігі мен дағдылары, білімі мен педагогикалық техникасы бір жерде тоғысуы шарт.

Жоғары құзіреттілік өзін меңгеруді күтпейді. Педагогтің құзіреттілігі туралы әр кезеңде ғалымдар еңбектерінде түрлі пікірлер кездеседі. Соларға сүйене отырып, мұның өзі жеке тұлғаның жалпы мәдениетінің деңгейі, педагогикалық іс -әрекеттегі теориялық және практикалық дайындығы мен тәжірибесінің тоғысуы, сол сияқты педагогқа қажетті көптеген сапалардың болуы бұл күрделі сан-салалы мәселе деп тұжырымдауға болады.

 

Мұғалімнің кәсіби шеберлігін дамыту, білімін жетілдіру және өзін-өзі дамыту:

 «Теориялық білім +тәжірибе рефлекциясы = даму».

Бұны педагогтың шығармашылығын дамытудың қысқаша формуласы  десек те болады.

 

     Атақты педагог-ғалым В.А. Сухомлинский  «Мұғалімдік мамандық – бұл  адамтану, адамның күрделі және  қызықты, шым-шытырығы мол жан  дүниесіне үңіле білу. Педагогикалық  шеберлік пен педагогикалық өнер  – ол даналықты жүрекпен ұға  білу болып табылады» деп ұстаздық өнерге ерекше баға берсе,  Ы.Алтынсарин «Маған жақсы мұғалім бәрінен қымбат, өйткені мұғалім мектептің жүрегі» деген екен.  Демек, қазір мектеп алдындағы басты міндеттерді шешуде мұғалімнің білімі, мәдениеті жоғары болуы шарт.

  Мұғалімнің кәсіптік дәрежесін арттырудың жолдарын қарастыратын әлемдік педагогикалық ойларды жинақтай келе, ғалым Таубаев мынадай қортынды жасаған: «Кәсіптік қызығушылық педагогикалық қызметті бағалауда, білуге деген қажеттіліктен туындайды, ал ол жоғары кәсіптік қажеттілікке тек мұғалімнің жеке өз басының ұмтылуы арқылы ғана айнала алады». Осы бағытта қазіргі таңда мұғалімдерге мынадай әдістемелік талаптар қойылады:

  1. Педагогикалық-психологиялық деңгейін көтеру,  білім беру сапасын жүйелі арттыру тәсілдерін меңгерту.
  2. Оқыту мен тәрбиелеудің жаңа технологияларын, әдістемелер мен тәсілдерді зерттеп, меңгеру және оны өзінің кәсіптік жұмысына қолдана білу.
  3. Өз білімін көтеруге, шығармашылық жұмыс атқаруға ынталану, педагогикалық ақпараттармен қарулану.
  4. Авторлық бағдарламалар, көмекші құралдар, мақалалар жалпы ізденіс жұмыстарын жасауға ұмтылу.

    5.   Үнемі өзгеріс  үстіндегі күрделі өмірде белсенді  әрекетке дайын мектеп түлегін  дайындаудың сапасын арттыру  мен оның мәдениет деңгейі  көтеру.

     Заман талабынан туындап отырған  талаптарды орындау, жаңаша ойлап, жаңалыққа серпінмен қарап ұмтылу жаңа формациядағы жаңашыл ұстаз міндеті болмақ.

 Елбасы Н. Ә. Назарбаев Қазақстан Республикасының Білім және Ғылым қызметкерлерінің съезінде сөйлеген сөзінде «Жаңа формацияға жаңа педагог қажет» деп атап көрсетті.

     Осы аталған үрдіс негізінен  көрініп, кәсіби өсу үшін кез- келген мұғалім мынадай кезеңдерден  өтеді:

 

   Қортындылай  келе мұғалімнің кәсіби құзырлылығы  үш өзара байланысты құрамдас  бөліктен : Кәсіби білім,  кәсіби дағды, мұғалімнің тұлғалық кәсіби маңызды қасиеттерінен  құралып,  педагогикалық қызметте іске асатындығын атап өткім келеді. 

   М. Жұмабаев  «Педагогика» атты еңбегінде  «Фантазиясыз адам өмірі өңсіз, түссіз бір нәрсеге айналмақ. Мылқау өмірге мәне беретін, сақау өмірге тіл беретін, жоқты бар қылатын, барды гүлді, көрнекі қыла алатын, бізді арыға аяқ басқызатын – ол- фантазия» деген екен. Олай болса баланың шығармашылығын арттырып, жеке тұлға етіп қалыптастыруда мұғалім өзінің фантазиясын бала қиялымен ұштастырып, өзін-өзі дамытып, шеберлік шыңына көтеріліп отырады.

 Ендеше  мына сауалнамаға назар аудара  отырып, өзін-өзі дамыту қабілеттілігіміздің  деңгейін бақыласақ.

   

  Сауалнама  №1

     Мақсаты:  Педагогтардың өзін-өзі  дамытуға қабілеттілігін анықтау.

    Төмендегі сұрақтарға тиісінше ұпай қою арқылы  жауап беріңіз.

                      Тұжырым мен үшін толық сәйкес  келеді -5

      Сәйкес келеді                         – 3

                       Мүлдем сәйкес келмейді       -1

  1. Мен өзімді тануға ұмтыламын.
  2. Үй шаруасы және жұмыспен айналыса отырып, өзімді дамытуға уақыт табамын
  3. Кездескен кедергілер менің белсенділігімді арттырады.
  4. Өзімді танып, бағалау үшін кері байланыс іздеймін
  5. Арнайы уақыт бөліп, өз әрекетімді сараптаймын.
  6. Мен өз сезімім мен тәжірибеме талдау жасап отырамын.
  7. Мен көп оқимын.
  8. Өзімді қызықтыратын сұрақтар төңірегінде көп пікір таластырамын
  9. Өз мүмкіншілігіме сенемін.
  10. Ашық болуға ұмтыламын.
  11. Маған қоршаған адамдардың ықпалын сезіне аламын.
  12. Өзімді кәсіби тұрғыда дамыту ісімен айналысамын және оң нәтижелерім бар.
  13. Мен жаңа білім алғаннан қанағаттану сезіміне бөленемін.
  14. Жауапкершіліктің артуынан қорықпаймын.
  15. Мен қызмет бабында өсуге ұмтыламын.

 

    1. - даму бәсең, тежелген десе де болады.

36-54 - өзін-өзі  дамыту жүйесіз, нақты жағдайға  байланысты.

55-75 – даму  белсенді.

 

   Құрметті  әріптес!  өз-өзімізді, бір-бірімізді  бағалай, бір-бірімізден үйреніп, тәжірибе  алмаса жүріп әрқайсымыз қандай  даму деңгейінде екендігімізге  көз жеткіздік.

  Кез-келген таудың шыңы бар. Ал төменнен шыңға көтерілу үшін күш-жігер керек. Тау етегінде тұрған адамға биікке көтерілу үшін оған шаршамайтын күш, орта жолдан қайтып кетпейтін жігер керек. Баршаңызға кәсіби құзырлылық нәтижесіне жету үшін үлкен күш-жігер тілеймін!

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

    

 

 

         

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Информация о работе Мұғалімнің құзырлылығы қазіргі заман талабы. Мұғалімнің кәсіби шеберлігін дамыту, білімін жетілдіру және өзін-өзі дамыту