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The structure of the work is determined by the tasks set. The work consists of the introduction, two chapters, conclusions, bibliography and the list of literature.
In the 1st chapter we present the etymology of irony, the approaches to it, the problem of its classification and the interaction between the content and the form of irony.
The 2nd chapter is devoted to the various means of realization of ironical meaning. In this chapter we studied such stylistic means of realization of irony as lexical stylistic devices, syntactical stylistic devices, lexico-syntactical stylistic devices and phonetic stylistic devices. Here we also analyze stylistically neutral means of realization of irony.
Introduction____________________________________________________3
Chapter I The notion of irony
1.1. The etymology of irony_______________________________5
1.2. The approaches to irony_______________________________9
1.3. The classification of irony____________________________13
1.4. The content and the form of irony______________________23
Chapter II Realization of irony in the text
2.1. The scheme of analysis______________________________28
2.2. Realization of irony by stylistically neutral means_________29
2.3. Realization of irony by stylistically colored means_________36
Conclusions___________________________________________________50
Bibliography__________________________________________________52
List of literature________________________________________________54
So, in the analyzed examples, irony is mostly situational. According to the direction of irony here we mostly come across irony between the communicants realized in a dialogue. The content of irony here in most cases is the conflict between the ideal and the real. As regards the means of realization of irony in all the above-mentioned examples irony is expressed be stylistic means: lexical stylistic devices, syntactical stylistic devices, lexico-syntactical stylistic devices and phonetic stylistic devices.
Conclusions.
Irony is a subject of research of wide variety of sciences: linguistics, psychology, logic, semiotics, theory of communication.
The meaning of ironical imagery is changeable and particular in each case; while the function of irony is always unchangeable – to connect things that cannot be connected.
Irony can hardly be provided by a definition that would cover all of its modes, forasa, functions and techniques.
Irony has two interpretations: irony as a philosophical category and irony as a trope.
Irony denotes a trope based on direct opposition of the meaning to the sense. Irony is a transfer, a renaming based upon the direct contrast of two notions: the notion named and the notion meant. On the whole irony is used with the aim of critical evaluation of the thing spoken about; the general scheme of irony is criticism concealed by praise.
Irony can be divided into two basic types: verbal irony and situational irony. In most types of verbal irony the following verbal elements can be pointed out:
a) double-leveledness,
b) opposition,
c) correctiveness/victimizing over the target of irony.
According to the volume of the context, irony can be divided into following types: situational irony, associative irony, global ironical implication.
According to the object, irony can be directed at: the person, the object or the phenomenon, the event or the situation.
According to the direction of influence, irony can be divided into: irony of the author and irony between the communicants.
Analyzing different means of realization of irony in our paper we have come to the following conclusions:
1) Our research showed that irony can be realized in literary works by stylistically neutral means. Irony here is understood through the context, situation. Special intonation helps to perceive irony.
2) Irony, expressed by stylistically neutral means, is mostly situational and is realized between the communicants in a dialogue; the content is either the conflict between the ideal and the real or criticism concealed by praise.
3) Irony can also be realized by stylistic means: lexical stylistic devices (metaphor, irony, oxymoron, pun, zeugma, epithet), syntactical stylistic devices (repetition, enumeration, detachment, ellipsis, rhetorical question), lexico-syntactical stylistic devices (climax, antithesis, simile), phonetic stylistic devices (alliteration). Here intonation also serves as the intensifier of the ironical meaning.
4) Our research showed that irony when is expressed by stylistic device, it is more often expressed by different types of repetition: anaphora, epiphora, anadiplosis, chain repetition, ordinary repetition. Simile is also very widely used to realize irony in a literary text.
5) Our research showed that when irony is expressed by stylistically colored means, it may be both situational and associative; the content in absolute majority of cases is the conflict between the ideal and real.
Bibliography:
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11) Segal Eric. Love Story. – Canada, 1970. – 131p.
12) Spark M. The Public Image. Stories. – Moscow, 1976. – 292p.
13) Stewart F.M. The Mephisto Waltz. – London, 1971. – 188p.
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