The overview of modern technologies of transporting the baggage into the civil transport aircraft

But if to talk about more modern mechanical means of transportation the baggage to the wide-fuselage airplane as A320, there is used next conveyor belt vehicles.

 

1.3. Selected prototype of the vehicle under design

 

TLD NBL. This conveyor is designed to allow on the airport for purposes of loading and unloading passenger’s hand baggages of a maximum weight of 250kg. Accesses to baggages compartment can also be authorizes under special conditions.

It is forbidden to use the vehicle for any another use that previous: it is to load and unload passengers’s hand baggage and access to baggages compartment. All other using is forbidden, and is also forbidden using into exploding area, and using onto other ground support than cement or asphalt.

It is forbidden to use the vehicle to tasks that the vehicle is not allowed. Not respect this regulation is responsibility of the user: all damages or injures make in these circonstances can’t be held to responsibility of TLD. So it’s forbidden to climb on the vehicle.

It’s forbidden to transport commodity, goods and persons. This vehicle isn’t designed to get over obstacles. Never use the vehicle on other area than airports( never on road).

General description.With a minimum maintenance cost, the self propelled engine driven belt conveyor is specificall recommended for luggage loading in compartment or any small load which does not exceed 250 Kg (555lbs).

The maximum payload evenly distributed is:

- 600 Kg (1 333 lbs) with maximum belt angle

- 1 200 Kg (2 666 lbs) with belt in horizontal position.

High performances and smoothness in use are achieved with:

- power steering (hydrostatic)

- hydraulic boom positioning and belt drive.

It is also a means of access of personnel to the compartment if it is equipped with safety preventing the risk of fall in height.

Construction:

• Frame-The arc-welded frame is largely sized.
• Front axle is directly attached to the frame and equipped with steering (inflatable tires). Made of a steel tubular beam.
• Rear axle- Rigid axle with a differential linked to the engine by a sliding transmission and universal joints. Equipped with inflatable tires.

Main braking system:

Braking is achieved by powered disc brakes on front wheels and drum brakes on rear wheels. Dual system, separated front and rear for maximum safety.

Traction control:

Rear wheel drive. The engine is attached to the frame and linked to the axle by the transmission shaft.

The accelerator pedal gradually controls the motion.

The drive system consists of:

- an industrial engine;

- a front and rear control board;

- a safety control system.

Parking brake. The mechanical park brake acts on the rear wheels through a lever and a cable.

Control station. The control station commands are similar to a car, with motion, lights and boom positioning commands.

Boom. Made of arc-welded sheets and equipped with two rollers:

- one cambered in the lowest part of the boom;

- one cambered and covered with rubber, linked to a hydraulic motor in the upper part of the boom (the camber self-centers the belt).

A sufficient number of rollers are placed along the belt for a proper load distribution. The quantity of rollers is increased on the loading and unloading part of the belt in order to avoid damages due to luggage impact.

The boom positioning is controlled by two hydraulic cylinders acting on the front and the rear lifting beams.

A control box located on the rear right of the boom acts on the belt.

In order to give access of the personnel operator to the compartment, booms are equipped with guard rail and extensions reducing the risk of fall in height.

Electrical components:

1. Relay board

Located in the driving station.Include : relay and connections. Outside manually rearmement breakers.

 2) Control box

- 1 forward rotation push-button;

- 1 backward rotation push-button;

- 1 stop push-button;

- 1 emergency stop.

 

Hydraulic system. A gear pump is linked to the engine. The hydraulic circuit is protected by a pressure relief valve.

Speeds are controlled by orifices.

The belt drive motor is equipped with a compensation valve.

Filtration is ensured on the return line by a 10 micron filter.

Power brake. Controlled by a hydraulic pump linked to the engine.

Fire extingwisher. A place is available behind the drive seat, or behind the cab, for fire extingwisher.

Table 1.4

Dimensional characteristics

- Overall length (boom 6 meters)                           6750 mm

- Overall length (boom 8 meters)                           8200 mm

- Overall length (boom 9 meters)                           9200 mm

- Overall width (without protection) 2060 mm

- Overall width (with protection)                             2150 mm

- Overall height (without guard rail and cab)          1500 mm

- Overall height (with cab and flood light)              2300 mm

- Front track                                                             1735 mm

- Rear track                                                              1707 mm

- Wheel base                                                            3000 mm

- 1 guard rail on each side of boom                         850 mm

(height / sliding face of the band)

- Ground clearance                                                   150 mm

Table 1.5

Functional characteristics:

- Useful load                                                             1200 kg

- Maximum speed                                                     25 km/h

- Turn radius overall (between pavement)              6150 mm

- Turn radius overall

(between wall with boom 8 meters)                        7800 mm

- Useful beam width                                                600 mm

- Belt transport speed                                        30 m/min

MULAG Conveyor belt vehicles

MULAG orbiter conveyor belt cars with hydrostatic drive can be controlled precisely during the manoeuvring around the aircraft. Optional extras such as protection guards, loading  ramp, closed drivers cab, heating and preheating systems and many more guarantee an individual configuration to the customers needs. The conveyor belt cars can be delivered with closed sound-isolated cab, cab without door or with an open driver's platform.

Orbiter 4.0 / 5.5. The Orbiter 4 / 5.5 (fig.1.13) has minimal dimensions during driving and has a great agility thanks to the telescopic design of the conveyor belt. The length of the conveyor belt can be adjusted during positioning of the vehicle at the aircraft. With the hydrostatic drive/electric drive the vehicle is extremely well under control during manoeuvring around the aircraft. The maximum belt height meets the IATA standards of 4200 mm to be able to handle all standard types of aircraft (table 1.7). 

Fig.1.13 Conveyor Belt Vehicle Orbiter 4 / 5.5

 

 

 

Table 1.7

Technical specifications

Belt length	4170 - 6170 mm oder 5570 -7570 mm (Telescopic)
Belt height	min  1180 mm  max 3600 or 4200 mm
Engine	AC-motor 7.5 kW, Deutz-Diesel 37 kW (50 HP)
Dimensions	length 4350 mm or 5750 mm  width  1955 mm  height 2240 mm
Miscellaneous	telescopic conveyor belt

 

 

Orbiter 7.5. The Orbiter 7.5 (fig.1.14) is available with diesel or electric drive. Many details of the serial equipment like double telescopic rail at the front of the conveyor belt, turn the Orbiter 7.5 into an interesting basic vehicle (Table 1.8). 

 

Fig.1.14 Conveyor belt vehicle Orbiter 7.5

Table 1.8

Technical specifications

Belt length	7500 mm
Belt height	min  1020 mm  max 4200 mm
Engine	AC 12 kW, Deutz-Diesel 37 kW (50 HP)
Dimensions	length 7800 mm  width  2190 mm  height 2000 mm
Miscellaneous	hydrostatic steering, dual circuit brake system

 

 

Orbiter 9. With its extended belt length the Orbiter 9 (fig.1.15) is applicable even under difficult conditions. Many useful features like for example safety supports for work underneath the conveyor belt are serial equipment – this results in an interesting allround vehicle.

Fig.1.15 Conveyor belt vehicle Orbiter 9

Table 1.9

Technical specifications

Belt length	8800 mm
Belt height	min  1010 mm  max 4930 mm
Engine	AC 12 kW, Deutz-Diesel 37 kW (50 HP)
Dimensions	length 9100 mm  width  2190 mm  height 2000 mm
Miscellaneous	hydrostatic steering, dual circuit brake system

 

 

Orbiter 12.The largest model of the Orbiter series (fig.1.16) with a belt length of 12 m and a maximum belt height of 6,1 m is able to reach the main deck of even the largest types of aircraft (Table 1.9). It manages competently even the most challenging working assignments. For example using a separate belt-extension the conveyor belt vehicle can be used in other fields of work as well, for example to load and unload light cargo directly from the ship's side in ports.

 

Fig.1.16 The Conveyor belt vehicle Orbiter 12

Table 1.9

Technical specifications

Belt length	12000 mm
Belt height	min  1030 mm  max 6100 mm
Engine	AC 12 kW, Deutz-Diesel 37 kW (50 HP)
Dimensions	length 12300 mm  width  2190 mm  height 2000 mm
Miscellaneous	hydrostatic steering, dual circuit brake system

 

Multitransfer. The new MULAG development Multitransfer (fig.1.17) is an additional transfer conveyor belt, which is fitted to the rear end of Orbiter conveyor belt vehicles (Table 1.10). It has primarily been developed to reduce considerably the physical stress of the operating staff during loading and unloading of baggage cars and to speed up the overall handling procedure.

Fig.1.17 Multitransfer at a MULAG Orbiter

Table 1.10

Technical specifications

Total weight	210 kg 300 kg with telescope
Belt length	990 mm 1.200 - 2.000 mm with telescope
Total length	1.220 mm 1.450 mm with telescope
Width	720 mm 780 mm with telescope
Conveying speed	0 - 0,6 m/s (synchronized with belt)

 

 

chapter 2

Justification of the main design  figures of a belt conveyor vehicle

 

2.1 Calculation of the belt

 

Initial data for calculation of the conveyor belt boom.

Length of conveyer  L=8,2 m (from the working drawing).

Angle of the conveyor boom slope while loading in to A320 baggage compartment door β= 38º

The Minimum usable belt width shall be B=600 mm.

The width of a belt is chosen from the standard restricted line, having approximated calculation  value of width: 0,3; 0,4; 0,5; 0,6; 0,7; 0,8; 0,9; 1,0; 1,1; 1,2; 1,4; 1,6; 1,8; 2,0 (ГОСТ 22644-77, СЭВ 1333-78).

Base area of the baggage item is 0,6 ×0,8 m.

Minimum single total load of 3 924 N (400 kgf) on a base area of the baggage item.

Minimum local load q min =1 324 N/m (135 kgf/ m)    on each metre length of the conveyor, evenly distributed

Amount of items simultaneously place on the conveyor boom.

Actual total load on the conveyor boom is

Actual local load on the conveyor boom belt

The belt speed shall not exceed v< 0,3 m/s.

Actual performance of the conveyor at the worst loading condition and maximal belt speed:

The motion of the belts is carried out due to the force of friction which occurs between it and the drum surface.

The tension of the belts is adjusted by moving of the non-driven (tensile) drum by a screw tensile device.

The working (loaded) branch of the conveyor belt is supported with the help of special legs. In the movable conveyors these special legs are double-roller.

The free-running branch of the belt is supported with the straight one-roller leg.

Working surfaces of the belts of movable belt conveyors are made rough (with herringbone ledges). The latter have increased (up to 45о)angles of inclination and the bigger height of offloading.

The calculation of conveyer is to be done according to the diagram, shown in fig.2.2.1.

The necessary amount of layers of a conveyor belt is determined by the formula:

z = 1,1 St / B0 [σр’] = 1,1 2489,434N / 0,6 m 60 N/sn = 0,76066,   (2.1)

where St is the greatest tension force of a belt,N; B0 is accepted standard width of the belt, sm; [σр ’] is a specific allowable stress per 1sm of one layer,N/sm.

  Allowable range of the layers quantity is prescribed for each standard belt width forВ0 = 0,5...0,6, z = 8...9;

Allowable rupture stress of the belt is: [σ ’] =σt /k1, where k1 is selected depending on the width of a belt and the quantity of the layers: k1 = 10,0 at z = 6...8; k1 = 11,0 at z = 9...12.

The ultimate stress limit on extension depends on material of a belt: for belting B820σt = 600N/sm; for belting OPBσt = 1300N/sm; a synthetic fabric

σt = 3000N/sm.

The greatest tension of a belt is defined using the method of tracking by a traction circuit (fig. 2.1). The basic particular points are marked on the conveyor diagram. Point 1 of concurrence of a belt with the driving drum (or a point with the minimal tension) is accepted for the beginning of tracking by the circuit. In point 1 the belt of the conveyor has the least force S1, then the force in point 2,N:

 

S2 =S1+W1-2 ,     (2.2)

 

whereW1-2 are resistances of the conveyor empty branch,N.

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 2.1 Calculation diagram of the conveyer

 

The force in point 3 of the traction contours of the conveyor, N:

                           S3 =k2S2 =k2 (S1+W1-2) ,                                          (2.3)

Where k2 is the resistance factor. Having the wrapping angle of the tension drum α= 180 ˚ it isk2 = 1,05… 1,06

The force in point 4,N:

S4 = S3+W3-4 = k2 (S1+W1-2)+W3-4 ,    (2.4)

Where W3-4 are the resistances on the slanting site of the loaded branch of the conveyor.

 

2.2. Calculation of the forces acting on the belt and drums

 

For definition of the forcesS1 andS4 the resistance forcesW1-2 on a site 1-2 andW3-4 on site 3-4 are to be calculated, N:

 

W1-2 = (qlcosβ+qr.s)LW – qlLsinβ,

 

Where ql is a linear weight force of the belt,N/m; β is the angle of inclination of the conveyor; qr.s.is linear force of weight of roller supports of a free branch of the belt,N/m; L is the conveyor length, m; W is a factor of resistance of the belt movement, created by the roller supports depending on an external conditions of the conveyor (clean, dry dust less compartment W = 0,02; normal compartments with normal humidity at presence of a small amount of abrasive dust W = 0,025; good operating conditions W = 0,03; compartments with the increased humidity which are not heated, or outdoor where there is a small amount of abrasive dust W = 0,04).

Linear force of belt weight, N/m: ql = (245…340)В0.

 

Linear force of weight of roller supports at the free branch of a belt,N/m: qrs.e=9,81mr / le, where mr is weight of roller supports elements at the free branch of a belt, kg; le = 2,5...3,0 is a distance between rollers of a free branch.

Resistance on a site 3-4,N/m:

 

W3-4=[(q+ql)cosβ+qr.sl.]LW+(q+ql)Lsinβ,

 

where q is linear force of weight of a cargo which is transported,N/m:

q =Pc 9,81/3,6υa, qr.sl is a linear force of weight of roller supports of the loaded branch,N/m:

qrs.l= 9,81mr/ll ,

 

where ll ≈ 1,1…1,5m and is the distance between rollers of loaded branches of the conveyor;mr is weight of roller elements, kg

Forces of tension S1 and S4 are:

S4 ≤ S1еμα,

whereе is a base of the natural logarithm; μ is a factor of friction between a drum and a belt; α is a wrapping angle of the belt of the drive drum, rad.

S1 and S4 are correlated as:

S4 = k2(S1+W1-2)+W3-4,    S4 = S1еμα, thus

Having known the greatest tension of belt S4, we can define the quantity of layers in a belt z. The calculated quantity of layers should be in particular ranges. If, according to the calculations, the necessary quantity of layers is greater than specified, the greater standard width of beltВ0 is to be taken and to recalculations ofz value is to be done.

The greatest tension force Stis calculated as the following. First of all resistance forces empty branch W1-2 and loaded branch W3-4 are to be determined:

So, resistance force of empty branch W1-2:

 

W1-2 = (qlcosβ+qr.se)LW – qlLsinβ=(204 N/m * cos 38o + 40,875 N/m)*8,2m*0.04 - 204 N/m *8,2m*sin38o=-963,287 N

 

Where linear weight force of the belt is ql = (245…340)В0= 340*0.6= 204 N/m

Linear weight force of the roller supports is qr.se = 9,81mr / le= 9.81*1,25/0,3 = 40,875 N/m

Mass of roller supports for the belt width 0,6 m  is mr=1,25 kg

Distance between roller supports le=0,3 m

Resistance factor of the empty branch for  outdoor, dust, wet W=0,04.

Resistance force of loaded branch W3-4:

 

W3-4=[(q+ql)cosβ+qr.sl.]LW+(q+ql)Lsinβ= [(93,74N/m+204N/m)cos 38o+40,875N/m]*

8,2 m*0,04+(93,74 N/m+204 N/m)* 8,2m*sin 38o=1592,925 N

 

Where linear force of weight of a cargo q =Pc 9,81/3,6va, qr.sl = 421,89 t/hour *9,81/3,6*0,3 m/s *40,875 N/m= 93,74 N/m

linear weight force of the roller supports is qrs.l= 9,81mr/ll=9,81*1,25/0.3=40,875 N/m

distance between roller supports ll=0.3m.

Thus the greatest tension force St=S4 can be calculated as:

 

 

S1=S4/еμα=2489,434 N/1,37= 1817,105 N

 

where: k2 = 1,05 for the wrapping angle of the tension drum α = 180 ˚

value of еμα for the wrapping angle of the tension drum α = 180 ˚ and cast-iron (steel) drum, increased humidity;