The overview of modern technologies of transporting the baggage into the civil transport aircraft

So, the stipulation on necessary amount of the layer belt z (formula 3.1.) is kept.

 

2.3 Selection of the drive unit for the belt

 

The selection of the conveyor drive is carried outaccording to the diagram (fig. 2.2).

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 2.2 Diagram of the conveyer drive:

1-hydraulic motor; 2-reducer; 3 - conveyor belt; 4- driving drum

 

The necessary horsepower of the engine drive is defined by the formula:

 

N = W υу/ 1000η, kW ,=672,325*0,3/1000*0,8=0,25 kW   (2.5)

 

where W is necessary traction force on the driving drum of the conveyor,N;

η = 0,75...0,80 is the efficiency factor of the drum drive.

Traction force on the conveyor drum:

 

W = Sw– Sr = S4 - S1 ,=2489,43-1817,105=672,325

 

Where Sw is tension force of the belt branches which is winding on drum, N;Sr is a tension force of the belt  branches  which is winding out the drum,N.

The horsepower of the hydraulic motor:

 

NHM = k3  N, kW,=0,25*1,15=0,29 kW

 

Where k3 = 1,1...1,15 is a safety factor of the motor horsepower.

According to the motor horsepower the hydraulic motor HM-207 has been selected having the horsepower 0,5 kW and rotation speed nm = 180 rpm .

The basic structural sizes of the conveyor drums are determined by the formulas:

Diameter of the driving drum, mm:

 

Dd. = (120 … 150) z =150mm   (3.6)

 

Diameter of the tensile drum, mm:

 

Dt = 100 z , =100mm    (3.7)

 

Length of the drum, mm:

 

Ld = В0+100 =160mm    (3.8)

 

Where В0 is width of a belt, mm.

The necessary reducer is selected according to the value of the calculated horsepower and the gear ratio.

The gear ratio of a reducer is defined by the formula:

u = nm /nd=180/38=4,7=5

wherene is engine rotation speed, rpm; nd is a drum rotation speed, rpm:

nd = 60υa /πDd. =60*0,3/3,14*0,15=38rpm

 

CHAPTER 3

Application technology of the special vehicle designed

 

3.1. Preparation for use and application

 

Pre-start inspection

- Check the vehicle; make sure that mirrors, wipers, lights, and other controls are operating properly

- Check for any leak and fix it before start.

- Check tires pressure and shape.

- Check door hinges and lock (depending versions).

- Check that all fluids are in acceptable level.

Functional operation of the vehicle is shown on fig.3.1.

Working:

- Actuate the battery switch (9 );

- Be sure that the speed selector (11) is in neutral;

- Switch on the ignition ,the oil pressure light (11) and the load battery light (13);

- Wait for, the preheating light* (14) to switch off;

- Accelerate and operate the starter;

Note: If start control (18)exist, instead of using the key to start, it is necessary to push on this one to start.

Note: So that the safety "running engine" is active, it is necessary to accelerate to start vehicle.

- The oil and the load lights should switch off.

Before driving.

If the vehicle is equipped safety belt on the seat, it is obligatory to engage this one before driving.

Belt front and rear elevation :

- Put the speed selector (11 ) in neutral;

- Put on the parking brake (12);

- Put the switch (7) to left or right and act upon the up/down selectors (1 and 2)

Belt rotation :

- Put the speed (11) in neutral;

- Put on the parking brake (12);

- Act upon the push button (1 and 3 ) of one of the control boxes, according to the wanted direction.

Fig.3.1 Functional operation of the vehicle: 1- Belt rotation (forward); 2- Belt rotation (stop); 3 - Belt rotation (backward); 4 - Emergency stop; 5 – Floodlight; 6 - Control panel; 7 - Identification plate;  8 - Brake pedal; 9 - Battery switch; 10 - Accelerator pedal; 11 - Speed selector; 12 - Parking brake; 13 - Up front boom control – depending versions; 14 - Down front boom control – depending versions; 15 - Up rear boom control – depending versions; 16 - Down rear boom control – depending versions

 

Control panel of this vehicle is shown on fig.3.2.

Fig.3.2 Control panel:

1 - Up/down front selector; 2 - Up/down rear selector; 3 – Ignition; 4 – Horn; 5 – Lights; 6 - Winkers selector; 7 - Up/down authorization switch; 8 – Hourmeter; 9 - Fuel gauge; 10 - Winkers light; 11 - "Oil pressure" light; 12 - "Water temperature" light; 13 - "Battery loading" light; 14 - Preheating light; 15 - Brake lining wear warning light; 16 - Brake fluid level warning light or windscreen washing ; 17 – Emergency stop; 18 – Start control; 19 – Lock emergency stop; 20 – Electronic key

 

Access compartment of the personnel operator.

In order to allow an access to the baggages compartment in full safety, it is necessary to respect the following stages:

- sufficiently lower the boom to go up without risk;

- if guard rails can drop, to set them up starting from the ground and to ensure themselves of their locking 3.3); if they are fixed, to pass at the following stage.

Fig.3.3 Simple extension-lowing

 

Not to use NBL without two guard rails or whose guard rails is defective.

- approach the vehicle of the plane, tangent the plane with the end of the boom or to into the baggage compartment according to internal procedures’ in your company (for this second case the baggage compartment must be open before carrying out this operation so avoiding a possible repositioning of the vehicle with personnel on the boom);

- put the manipulator of direction in «NEUTRAL» position;

- tighten the parking brake;

- access or go down from the boom after having positioned the back of the boom as indicated figure 3.4 by using the footboard and while helping themselves of the first amount of guard rails. The access is strictly prohibited when the belt turns;

Fig.3.4 Access (or exit) baggaes compartment

 

- adjust the sliding extensions of guard rails until approximately 10 cm of the fuselage using the handle (fig.3.5 and fig. 3.6) to release it then to block it. Not to use in the event of defect of blocking.

In case of overflowing loads :

- the operator of compartment being gone up on aircraft, move back the vehicle and low the boom;

- starting from the ground, low right guard rail;

- raise the arrow and accost the aircraft again.

After having transferred the load, proceed in an opposite way:

- move back the vehicle;

- low the boom;

- starting from the ground, set up guard rail;

- raise the boom and to accost the plane;

- put the speed selector in neutral position and put on the parking brake.

 

Fig.3.5 Double extensions

 

Fig.3.6 Simple extension-sliding

 

The operator of compartment is then authorized to down.

 

The technology of loading the baggage into the aircraft.

1. To drive the conveyor belt vehicle near the luggage compartment of the aircraft .
2. To put stabilizers.
3. To set the boom into the desired position.
4. To switch the desired position of the belt.
5. To switch on amberlight beacon

The personnel who takes part in this process includes 3 persons:

1. Driver, which sits in the machine’s cabin and look after the operation of all systems;
2. Loader #1, loads the baggage from baggage trolleys to the belt of conveyor;
3. Loader #2, stays in the airplane baggage compartment and receives the baggage from the belt

 

3.2. Safety measures during application

 

During application of the vehicles the following general safety requirements are to be kept:

• Self-propelled vehicles with a driver's accommodation shall be fitted with restraint straps.
• Conveyor belt vehicles shall conform to the relevant requirements of EN 1915-1, EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 and EN 1915-4 unless otherwise specified in this standard." They shall also conform to the specific requirements of this standard.
• Strength calculations shall be carried out in accordance with EN 1915-2".
• Stability calculations shall be carried out according to EN 1915-2". Special attention shall be paid to travel conditions.
• The electrical system of battery powered conveyor belt vehicles shall conform to EN 1175-1", with the exception of standard automotive chassis.
• The boom shall protrude front and rear.

NOTE Therefore the overall length of the conveyor belt vehicle is defined by the overall boom length.

• The conveyor belt vehicle shall be capable of servicing any aircraft sill height, for which it is designed, with the opposite end not higher than 760 mm from the intended loading level(s).
• Where adjustment of elevation of both ends of the boom is provided it shall be possible to adjust the ends independent from each other.
• It shall be possible to gain access to servicing points, e.g. dipstick, fluid replenishment points, without operating the power source; even with the boom in the lowest position.
• All sharp edges or corners resulting from the manufacturing process shall be chamfered or rounded with a minimum radius of 1 mm.
• Where a sprung front axle is used, the suspension shall be restricted so as to limit vertical movement at the front end of the boom, when the conveyor belt vehicle is being driven, e.g. by using shock absorbers.
• Where power operated stabilizers are provided, it shall be possible to retract the stabilizers in the event of primary power loss by auxiliary means, e.g. hand pump.
• Structural parts or stabilizers of pedestrian controlled self-propelled conveyor belt vehicles shall not protrude from the overall length within the operating range of the tiller.
• Where lights for the illumination of working areas are fitted, their design shall conform to EN 1837". The minimum electrical power of the lamp shall be 25 W.
• Self-propelled vehicles with driver's cabin shall have an alternative means of exit in the event of an emergency.

Safety requirements to the boom design:

• The design of the boom, where intended, shall be such that it can be used by the operator as a ramp to gain access to the hold door and safely open or close it, enter the hold or exit from it (see clause 0 of EN 1915-1:2001 — negotiation).
• Steps shall be provided for access to the belt surface.
• The boom shall be connected to the lifting system by means of a positive-fit to prevent any disconnection.
• The lifting device of the boom shall be protected against unintentional movement by means of a positive-fit safeguard, e.g. on hydraulic cylinders by a lock-valve mounted directly to the cylinder.
• Hazards of being caught or trapped by the running belt shall be avoided by construction.
• Where a tray is mounted at either end of the boom, protection against trapping of limbs between the tray and the running belt shall be given by construction  or by safety distances.
• Where the conveyor belt vehicle is equipped with driver's accommodation, protection against crushing and shearing between the boom and fixed parts in the vicinity shall be provided, e.g. by shielding with protective plates.
• The front end of the boom shall be protected by suitable means, e.g. cylindrical fender or side wheels. If the rear end of the boom is to be used adjacent to the aircraft door, this part shall also be protected.
• Where a contact protection system at the end(s) of the boom is installed, it shall stop the movement of the conveyor belt vehicle in the direction of travel.
• The minimum belt width shall be 600 mm. The belt shall be vulcanised and where other linking means are used, care shall be taken to avoid protruding parts or gaps.
• The belt shall have an anti-slip surface and shall be designed to provide for drainage of water.
• The belt shall be supported by rollers and/or other devices to allow safe conveyance of load(s) and for safe walking purposes preferably by plates.
• The friction between drive drum and belt shall be sufficient to exclude slipping under maximum payload.

NOTE The influence of weather conditions to be expected on the airport of use should be taken into account (see clause 0 of EN 1915-1:2001 — negotiation).

• A belt tensioning system covering the foreseeable elongation of the belt shall be installed. The adjustment shall be possible without dismounting of parts or use of special tools.
• The belt drive system shall include a safety device which operates whenever the motive power is cut off or fails, to prevent a loaded belt from free running due to the potential energy of the load.

Safety requirements to railings and guide rails:

• A railing shall be installed on each long side of the boom where the maximum intended height from ground level to the belt surface exceeds 1 m. One or both of the railings may be foldable or retractable. Foldable or retractable railings shall retract below the belt surface and shall be automatically secured in the protecting position by a positive-fit safeguard.

NOTE Railings and guide rails can be lowered or folded outwards for   operational reasons.

• The total height of railings shall not be less than 850 mm measured at a right angle to the working surface on the boom.

NOTE On some aircraft types, the height of 850 mm can hinder correct positioning of the conveyor belt vehicle which can cause damage to the aircraft. Therefore parts of the railings can be constructed as foldable or retractable safeguards.

• Railings shall be adjustable to the fuselage of the aircraft. Telescopic parts shall be secured against movement by means of a friction-fit safeguard resistant to a force of at least 200 N. The friction-fit safeguard shall be releasable easily without hazard of squeezing or pinching. It shall be possible to release the safeguard with gloved hands.
• Where weather protection with a canopy and a sliding roof is installed over the boom it shall not interfere with moveable parts of the railings.
• The leading edge of railings shall be adequately padded to avoid damage to the aircraft fuselage.
• Lateral guide rails with a minimum height of 100 mm above the belt surface shall be installed on each long side of the boom.

NOTE Guide rails can be combined with railings and thus replace the kick plate.

• The internal surface of guide rails shall be smooth.
• The minimum width between the guide rails shall be 700 mm.
• Guide rails shall be shorter than the conveyor and provide lateral access of 1,2 m maximum at the aircraft side and of 1,5 m maximum at the ramp side of the conveyor.

Safety requirements ro the speeds and loads:

• For the structural design and calculations of the complete conveyor belt vehicle, excluding belt drive power,the following loads are to be considered:

- a minimum load of 1 324 N (135 kgf) on each metre length of the      conveyor, evenly distributed;

- a minimum single load of 3 924 N (400 kgf) on a base area of 0,6 x 0,8 m;

at the most unfavourable position.

NOTE These loads may not apply in the case of specialized light duty conveyors for light weight commodities such as

flower boxes or mail (see clause 0 of EN 1915-1:2001 — negotiation).

• The maximum driving speed of a self-propelled conveyor belt vehicle with driver accommodation shall not exceed 40 km/h.
• The belt speed shall not exceed 0,3 m/s and shall be adjustable at least between 50 % and 100 % of the nominal speed to suit loading conditions.

NOTE Higher belt speeds can be stipulated for special purposes (see clause 0 of EN 1915-1:2001 — negotiation).

• The maximum sag at any point of the load surface of the belt shall not exceed 20 mm under loaded conditions of 5.2.2.3 of EN 1915-2:2001 .

Safety requirements for controls:

• Control device actuators shall be protected against activation or damage from falling items of load, e.g. by position, solid guarding.
• Simultaneous movement of the conveyor belt vehicle, the boom and/or the belt shall not be possible.
• On self-propelled conveyor belt vehicles with driver accommodation any changes of length or angle of the boom shall be controlled from the driver accommodation only.
• On towable or pedestrian controlled self-propelled conveyor belt vehicles, the position for the control of boom height and length shall be located in an optimum position to allow full visibility of both ends of the boom.
• The belt controls (forwards-stop-reverse) need not be of the hold-to run type and shall be installed at the usual working positions of the operator(s).
• The stop devices of the belt control shall override the control selection at all other working positions.
• Where a remote control with cable linkage for the belt drive on the aircraft side of the boom is provided, it shall fulfil the requirements in 5 and 6.
• Emergency stops shall be installed at both extreme ends of the boom. They shall meet the requirements in EN ISO 13850:2008 category 0.
• Where a remote control is provided, it shall include an emergency stop meeting the requirements in 8.
• Emergency stops shall stop all equipment functions including the power source.
• It shall be possible to lower the boom with an emergency stop activated.