The role of Brazil in the modern international cooperation

 

In the period 28-30 November 2011 in Oslo with the organizational support of the Norwegian- Russian Chamber of Commerce and Trade Mission delegation visited the Administration of Arkhangelsk and business representatives headed by the Chief of Investment Policy and Foreign Trade , Ministry of Economic Development of Arkhangelsk Region AA . Dunayev . The delegation included representatives of the fuel and energy , fishery , building complexes , transport, tourism , etc. Including JSC "Nordavia - regional airlines ", LLC " Armastan OLDI " LLC, " Sudoservice complex, " North Manufacture " , JSC" Arkhangelsk Trawl Fleet ", LLC" Niva ", LLC" Dial -North ", JSC" Savinskiy cement Plant ", JSC" Arkhangelsk Airport ", LLC" Club wildlife ", JSC" Arkhangelsk EW fleet ", LLC" sports complex " robin " Enterprise "Golubino" , Association of Oil and Gas Suppliers "Constellation".

 

December 12-14, 2011. with the organizational support of the Trade Mission visited ( business mission) delegation of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia ), headed by the Minister of Transport and Roads of the Republic and the Minister of S.V.Vinokurovym Federal Relations and External Relations of the Republic of Norwegian V.I.Maksimovym for construction experience tunnels in extreme climatic conditions.

 

In accordance with the request made ​​by the representatives of the Trade Representation of Yakutia in a very short time visit was arranged and the delegation met with the experts of the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute , visit Oslofiordskogo tunnel and transport tunnel " Svea " Spitsbergen , negotiations with companies involved in the operation of tunnels, shipping company " Tschudi - Shipping ".

 

23-26 January 2012 with the organizational support of the Trade Mission visited in Stavanger and Oslo Sakhalin Oblast delegation headed by Minister of Investment and Foreign Affairs E.V.Kotovoy area . In accordance with the program of the visit held talks with a number of key organizations in Stavanger related to oil and gas sector , such as : Foundation ONS (Offshore Northern Seas), Association of Norwegian oil and gas companies for oil spills at sea, the International Research Institute (IRIS). Sakhalin Oblast delegation participated in the 10th Russian - Norwegian oil and gas conference "Development of oil and gas fields in the Arctic ", held in Oslo.

 

14-16 March 2012 with the organizational support of the Trade Mission paid a working visit to Norway Pskov Oblast delegation headed by First Deputy Governor of the Pskov region S.G.Pernikovym for the purpose of presentation of the region in Norway , as well as meetings and negotiations with potential partners establishment of bilateral trade and economic and investment ties.

 

The delegation of the Pskov region was adopted in Oslo Mayor F.Stangom , held talks in the Norwegian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs , the Norwegian- Russian Chamber of Commerce , the state company " Innovation Norway ". During the meetings and negotiations were discussed possible cooperation projects with the Pskov region in both the industrial sector and the tourism industry in the area.

 

In the third quarter of 2013 Norwegian-Russian trade turnover amounted to 4.38 billion NOK. kroons, which is 19.1 % more compared to the same period last year ( Q2 . 2012 - 3.68 billion NOK . kroons) and by 10.4 % compared with the second quarter of this year ( Q2 . 2013 - 3.97 billion NOK . kroons). While imports from Norway was 47.2 % of turnover (in Q3. 2012 - 50.7 %) , Russian exports to Norway - 52.8% ( in Q3 . 2012 - 49.3 %). Compared with the second quarter of this year, the ratio of exports / imports in the Russian-Norwegian trade balance remained almost unchanged.

 

In the first 9 months of 2013 Norwegian-Russian trade turnover was lower by 12.7 % compared to the same period in 2012 ( up to 6 months in 2013 a decrease of turnover compared with the previous year was 23 %) , Russia's exports was lower by 18 3% ( up to 6 months - below 32% ), imports from Norway decreased by 5.7% ( up to 6 months - was down 12 %). Thus, if this trend continues, by the end 2013 figures Norwegian-Russian trade will not be lower than in 2012.

Russian exports in the period July - September 2013 increased by 27.4 % compared to the period July - September 2012 and amounted to NOK 2.3 billion. kronor, compared with the second quarter of this year grew by 11.0%. Imports from Norway in the period July - September 2013 increased by 11.1% compared to the period July - September 2012 and amounted to 2.07 billion NOK . kronor , compared with the second quarter of this year grew by 9.8%.

 

The main product groups of Russian exports to Norway were " Oil and oil products " - 29.2% ( 9M 2013 - 34.4% in the first 9 months of 2012 - 55.8% ) , and " Non-ferrous metals " ( primary aluminum ) - 28.3% ( in the first 9 months of 2013 - 25.3% in the first 9 months of 2012 - 17.4%) . The main product groups imported from Norway to Russia was " Fish, crustaceans , mollusks " - 71.5% ( 9M 2013 - 73.6 % , in the first 9 months of 2012 - 68.9 %).

The greatest impact on the growth rate of exports from Russia to Norway compared to the same period last year had an increase the value of exports by product group " Vegetable fat and oil , refined or fractionated " ( SITC code 42 , mainly rapeseed oil for the production of feed , and edible soybean oil) by 342 % - from 75.6 MNOK . EEK to 334.0 MNOK. crowns , as well as increasing the value of exports by product group " Non-ferrous metals " ( SITC code 68) 105% - from 320.3 MNOK . EEK to 655.5 MNOK kroons. However, the growth of Russian exports constrained by reduced supplies of goods group " Oil and oil products " ( SITC code 33) compared to the same period last year by 22% ( 3 m. 2012 - 862.2 million NOK . Kroons 3 m. 2013 - 674.1 million NOK. kroons). The total exports of Russian oil products in Norway for 9 months of 2013 are significantly different from that of 2012 mainly due to the absence in 2013 of deliveries to Norway natural gas condensate. However, Russia's exports to Norway under Article 27090001 «natural gas condensate» is episodic - in the last 10 years have been delivered in Norway carried out only in 2005 (83 million NOK . Cr.) , In 2006 (189 million NOK .Cr.), in 2011 (316 million NOK. cr.) and in 2012 ( NOK 1 billion . cr. ) , and therefore the product is not considered in -depth review of Russian oil sales to Norway.

6. Norway’s MNCs represented in Russia

Statoil ASA, (OSE: STL), is a Norwegian multinational oil and gas company headquartered in Stavanger, Norway. It is a fully integrated petroleum company with operations in thirty-six countries. By revenue, Statoil is ranked by Forbes Magazine (2013) as the world's eleventh largest oil and gas company and the twenty-sixth largest company, regardless of industry, by profit in the world.[3] The company has about 23,000 employees.

 

Statoil was formed by the 2007 merger of Statoil with the oil and gas division of Norsk Hydro.

 

As of 2013, the Government of Norway is the largest shareholder in Statoil with 67% of the shares, while the rest is public stock. The ownership interest is managed by the Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy. The company is headquartered and led from Stavanger, while most of their international operations are currently led from Fornebu.

 

Norsk Hydro ASA is a Norwegian aluminium and renewable energy company, headquartered in Oslo. Hydro is one of the largest aluminium companies worldwide. It has operations in some 50 countries around the world and is active on all continents. The Norwegian state holds a 34.3 percent ownership interest in the company, which employs approximately 13,000 people. Svein Richard Brandtzæg has been the CEO since 2009.

 

The company had a significant presence in the oil and gas industry until October 2007, when these operations were merged with rival Statoil to form Statoil Hydro (in 2009 changed to Statoil).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Comparative analysis of conditions of international business in selected countries.

 

Index level of globalization of the world (KOF Index of Globalization) was established in 2002 with the Swiss Economic Institute (KOF Swiss Economic Institute) with the participation of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology). Index is positioned as a composite indicator, which allows us to estimate the scale of integration of a country into the global community and to compare different countries for its components.

Norway has index 81.99 and gets the 20th place in the overall table of world’s indexes. Brazil has 59.21 level of globalization and gets the 76th place.

But each indicator consists of several other smaller indicators. So let’s look through the all indicators for both countries.

 

Indicators of quality of life of the population and development of the state (social globalization)

 

Human Development Index (HDI) – is a combined measure of the development of human rights in countries and regions of the world.  It’s calculated annually by experts of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in collaboration with a group of independent international experts use in their work, along with analytical developments, statistics of national institutions and international organizations. Used in the publication of a special series of reports on the UNDP Human Development.

 

Index level of life expectancy (Life Expectancy Index) – is a measure of the average life expectancy in the world. It’s one of the key indicators of social and demographic development.  It’s calculated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) on the basis of statistical data from national institutions and international organizations, which are accumulated in the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Life expectancy can be calculated separately for men and women, reflecting the gender characteristics of this phenomenon.

 

Population growth - is expressed as a percentage relative value, which is calculated as a measure of the total population increase (or decrease it - then this index has a negative value) during the calendar year due to natural increase and international migration. Natural increase – is the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths or the difference between births and deaths of the population.

 

Education index measures a country's achievements in terms of educational attainment of its population on two key indicators:

• Adult literacy index (2/3 weight).
• Index of total enrollment rates in primary, secondary and higher education (1/3 weight).

 

The Legatum Prosperity Index is compiled on the basis of various indicators 79, united in eight categories that reflect different aspects of society and social welfare settings.

 

The Happy Planet Index - is a composite indicator that measures the achievements of individual countries and regions in terms of their ability to provide its residents a happy life. It’s calculated by the method of the British research center New Economic Foundation in conjunction with the environmental organization Friends of the Earth, a humanitarian organization World Development Movement, and a group of independent international experts use in their work, along with analytical developments, statistics of national institutions and international organizations. It’s produced every two or three years.

 

Level of national health expenditure - is a relative value, which is calculated as the total public and private spending on health care during the calendar year, including government budgets at all levels, health insurance funds, foreign loans, grants and donations from international agencies and nongovernmental organizations. Health expenditure is expressed as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP).

 

Level of national expenditure on education - is a relative value, which is calculated as the total public and private expenditure on education during the calendar year, including government budgets at all levels, private foundations, foreign loans, grants and donations from international agencies and nongovernmental organizations. The level of expenditure on education expressed as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP).

 

The Environmental Performance Index - is a global research and accompanying ranks countries in terms of the load on the environment and natural resources.

 

Gender Parity Index (The Gender Equity Index) - a composite indicator that United Nations Development Programme (UNDP . It’s one of the key indicators of social development. It’s used to calculate the Human Development Index (Human Development Index) in a special series of UN reports on human development. The index measures a country's achievements in terms of the achieved level of gender equality in three key indicators:

• Reproductive health.
• Civil rights and opportunities.
• Opportunities in the labor market.

 

Infant mortality rate – is the number of deaths of children under one year per 1,000 live births. The infant mortality rate is one of the bases to assess the general level of socio-demographic development and accurately characterizes the social status of the population, the state of national health systems and for human life in general.

 

The World Giving Index is calculated using data from surveys of the urban population in the countries studied, and takes into account not only monetary donations, but also other forms of assistance to the needy. During the survey, respondents were asked to answer three questions:

• Do they donate the money to charity (last month)?
• Do they volunteer (last month)?
• Had they help a stranger who needed it (last month)?

 

The level of urbanization – is urban population in the total population. This rating refers to this figure as a percentage of the population of a country living in areas classified as urban according to the criteria used in this country.

 

Indicator of intentional homicides per capita is calculated as the number of homicides per year per 100,000 people and is one of the base to assess the general level of physical security of the population in a given country or region.

 

Global Age Wath Index - is a global research and accompanying ranks countries in terms of quality of life and well-being of the elderly.

 

 

 

Political development  indicators (political globalization).

 

Governance Matters (quality of public administration) – is a global research and accompanying ranks countries in terms of quality and efficiency of public administration. It’s  Calculated by the method of the World Bank (The World Bank) based on several hundred variables derived from different sources (national statistics institutes and international organizations, the results of research carried out on a regular basis by international and non-governmental organizations).

 

Democracy Index measures the level of democracy within the state and is based on the methodology of expert assessments and opinion polls of the respective countries, characterizing the state of 60 key indicators grouped into five main categories.

 

Failed States Index (Index of incapacity) – is a comprehensive measure of the ability (and inability) to the authorities to control the integrity of the territory, as well as demographic, political and economic situation in the country.

 

Sustainability Index Society (The Sustainable Society Index) - is a composite indicator that measures the achievements of the world and of the regions in terms of sustainability of social development. It’s calculated in accordance with the Fund's sustainable society (Sustainable Society Foundation) and issued every two years.

 

Global index of peace (Global Peace Index) – is a comprehensive index, which characterizes the peacefulness of the world, measuring the level of violence within the state and level of aggressiveness of his foreign policy. It shows which states can be considered as the safest (and vice versa - dangerous) to human life.

 

The Global Terrorism Index and the accompanying ranks countries according to the level of terrorism - is a comprehensive study that measures the level of terrorist activity in the world and shows which of the states and to what extent are faced with the threat of terrorism.

 

Freedom of the Press (Freedom of the press in the world) - is an annual survey and the accompanying rating on the state of press freedom in the world. It’s produced by the international NGO Freedom House, which assesses the degree of freedom of print, broadcast and online media in the world, since 1980.

 

The Corruption Perceptions Index – is a global research and accompanying ranks countries in terms of corruption in the public sector. It’s calculated in accordance with international non-governmental organization Transparency International, based on a combination of publicly available data and the results of a global survey. Within the index corruption is defined as any malpractice for personal gain.

 

Economic development indicators (economic globalization).

 

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - is the total value of all final goods and services produced within a year in the territory of residents of a given country, expressed in the prices of final customers. In practice, this means that GDP include the results of all enterprises, organizations, institutions and other entities that operate in the economic territory of the country, including the enterprise, fully controlled by foreign capital, as well as branches of foreign companies.

 

Gross National Income (GNI) - is the total value of all goods and services produced during the year in the state (that is gross domestic product, GDP), plus income earned by citizens of the country from abroad, minus income, left the country by foreigners.  It’s one of the key indicators of economic development.

 

Index of Economic Freedom - is a combined index and the accompanying rating assessing the level of economic freedom in the world.

 

The Global Competitiveness Index - is a global research and accompanying ranks countries in terms of economic competitiveness.  National competitiveness – is the ability of the country and its institutions to ensure stable economic growth, which would be stable in the medium term.

 

Doing Business – is a global research and accompanying ranks countries in terms of the creation of a favorable business environment. It’s calculated in accordance with the World Bank (World Bank) and the International Finance Corporation (part of the World Bank Group), based on a combination of analysis of legal acts regulating business activity, and publicly available data on the regulation of business.

 

The International Property Right Index - is a composite indicator that measures the achievements of the world in terms of protection of property rights.

 

The Global Enabling Trade Index - a global research and accompanying ranks countries in terms of their involvement in international trade. It’s Issued every two years.

 

Energy consumption per capita - is the ratio of the electrical energy consumed in all areas of human activity over a certain period of time, usually a year, and population. This figure includes electricity generated by thermal, nuclear, geothermal and hydropower. To summarize all of these forms of energy, they are expressed in the universal unit of measurement - kilowatt-hours. Kilowatt- hour is the amount of energy produced or consumed by the device capacity of one kilowatt for one hour.

 

You can see the data for Brazil and Norway below.

 

Brazil’s Indexes

Indicator	Place	Index	Level of Index
Indicators of social development
Rating of human development	85	0.730	medium level
Rating life expectancy	85	73.8 (years)	high level
Rating of population growth	127	0.9	lower-middle level
Rating of education	102	0.66	lower-middle level
Rating prosperity	46	Economy 32 Entrepreneurship 49 Management 59 Education 77 Health 62 Security 82 Personal freedom 26 Social capital 69	medium level
Rating of happiness	21	52.932	medium level
Rating of health care costs	76	4.2	medium level
Rating of education costs	43	5.7	medium level
Rating of ecological efficiency	30	60.9	medium level
Gender equality rating	85	0.447	lower-middle level
Rating of infant mortality	86	13.9 (per 1000 births)	medium level
Rating of charity	91	26	lower-middle level
Rating of globalization	76	59.1	medium level
Rating of urbanization	21	86.9	medium level
Rating level intentional homicide	161	21	lower-middle level
Rating of the quality of life of older people	31	58.9	medium level
Indicators of political development
Rating of the quality of public administration		Consideration of the population’s opinion and public accountability 64 Political stability and absence of violence 46 Government effectiveness 55 Quality of legislation 56 The rule of law 55 Control of corruption 63	medium level
Rating democracy	44	7.12	medium level  (the lack of democracy)
Ranking of global disability	126	62.1	lower-middle level  (dangerous level of risks)
The rating of stability of the company	32	5.47	medium level
Rating of peaceful disposition	81	2.051	lower-middle level
Rating of terrorism	116	0	very high level
Press freedom index	91	46	medium level (partly free)
Rating of perceived corruption	72	42	lower-middle level
Indicators of economic development
Rating of gross domestic product	7	2 252 664 ($ million)	high level
Rating gross national income	66	11 630 ($)	an average level of income per capita
The rating of economic freedom	100	57.7	predominantly non-free economy
Ranking of global competitiveness	56	4.33	medium level
Rating of doing business	116	Registration of enterprises 123 Dealing with construction permits 130 The electricity connection 14 Registering property 107 Lending 109 Protecting investors 80 Taxation 159 International trade 124 Enforcing contracts 121 Liquidation of enterprises 135	lower-middle level
Rating of property rights protection	65	5.3	medium level
Rating of international trade	84	3.79	medium level
Rating of electricity consumption	70	2383.73 (kWh per person)	lower-middle level
Indicators of scientific and technological development
Rating of the knowledge economy	60	Index economy knowledge 5.6 Index knowledge 6.05	medium level
Innovation index	64	36.3	medium level
Rating of patent activity	10	22686 applications	high level
Rating research activity	15	12 306 articles	medium level
Rating of R & d expenditures	30	1.16	medium level
Indicators of information and communication development
Rating of the development of information and communication technologies	62	5.00	medium level
Rating of network readiness	60	3.97	medium level
Rating of the development of telephone communication	81	126 users (per 100 people)	medium level
Rating of the development of the Internet	75	45.0 users (per 100 people)	medium level
Rating of the development of e-government development	59	0.6167	medium level