The radzivills

 

8. Give the three forms of the following verbs:

To lose, to build, to know, to get, can, to enclose, to cover, to admire, to allow to stay, to affect, to protect.

 

 

9. Give the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives:

Beautiful, high, mighty, old, wide, long, important, big, good, favorable.

 

10. Give the plural of:

Case, lake, service, country, boundary, value, enemy, fish, complex.

 

 

11. Write the derivatives of the following words:

Weapon, strength, fish, history, to find, board, to construct, to affect, to build.

 

12. These words can be used both as verbs and nouns. Make up your owl sentences to show the difference in their usage:

Level, water, help, trip, place, entrance, ground.

 

13. Give the English equivalents to the following words and phrases:

Мощный и красивый архитектурный комплекс; во время  правления; эк неизвестно; старая деревянная башня; решение принца было обусловлено; она была обнесена широким рвом, наполненным водой; уровень воды; помощыо длинного моста; зима 1581; просторный замковый двор; слей от входа; вал замка; первый этаж здания; подсобная служба; ежегодно коллекция монет и медалей; великолепная мебель; закрывала дорогу к замку; подъемный мост; был окружен рвом; глубокий пруд.

 

14. Read the text and get ready to speak about the Castle of Neswizh:

 

THE CASTLE OF NESWIZH:

OUR ARCHITECTURAL LEGACY

The Castle of Neswizh is овд of the most outstanding architectura monuments of the Republic of Bela| rus. This castle has been constructed! in the city of Neswizh in Grodno r&J gion. The mighty and beautiful archil tectural complex draws huge attention of tourists, archeologists, historianj as it is a part of the ancient history of the Renublic.                                      

During the board of Nikolay Radzivill — the prince of Neswizh, the construction of the Castle of Neswizh was started in 1583. Even today it is unknown, what forced to construct the castle os the place of the old wooden one. Probably, the reason for this was the fire. However it is possible, that the decision of the prince was affected by his trip to Italy where prince Radzivill spent the winter of 1581. Probably, that is why the reconstruction of the new castle was entrusted to Italian architect Giovanni Bernardoni.

The Castle of Neswizh is erected on a peninsula, on the right coast of the river Usha. It is surrounded by a wide moat, filled with water. The level of water in it was regularly adjusted. The castle was actually the island, with two water boundaries. To get in it was possible only with the help of the long bridge across the lake. In case of danger the bridge could be easily dismantled.

The Castle of Neswizh had the form of a quadrangle and the size 170x120 meters, surrounded by a high earthen shaft. The shaft was enclosed with stones and the entrenchments which were built behind it.

A spacious castle yard was surrounded by three buildings. There was the main building with the apartments of the prince opposite to the gate. In the corners of the rectangular building there were traditional octahedral turrets. The massive three-tier building wim a high tower was erected to the right of the entrance in the castle yard. Barracks and separate economic services were placed there. The third building (the economic one) stood in the yard to the left of the entrance.

The shaft of the castle covered all the ground floor of the building from bombardment. There were rooms of subsidiary services inside the shaft, where four secret exits could be found.

From the external side of the moat was a wide road which was protected by a low earthen embankment. From the western and northern part of the embankment there was the moat, and from the southern and eastern — deep ponds. The big tower from which it was possible to supervise the attacks on the bridge was built opposite to it in order to protect the territory of the castle from the northern side. A lot of years ago the Castle of Neswizh was considered as one of the most powerful and perfect constructions of this type. Thanks to its architectural construction the Castle of Neswizh has sustained many attacks from the enemy's part.

The city strengthening and constructions were basically finished by the end of the 16^th century. The castle was enclosed with the shaft which was like a pentagon with seven towers, which protected the town from different directions. To get inside the castle was possible through the gates: Slutskie, Kletskie, Vilenskie, Mirskie and Zamkowie. The territory of the city was surrounded by the moat, connected with the river Usha. The drawbridge was constructed in front of the gate. Small monasteries.with the complexes of stone constructions which stood in favorable places had a great value and closed the road to the castle. They were serious obstacles on the way of the enemy and protected the Castle of Neswizh. The moat around the town carried out one more function: it was nursery for the tish. But people were not allowed fishing there.

The Castle of Neswizh was a rich cultural centre some years ago. The library, portrait and picture galleries, a rich collection of the weapon from "all over the world, well-known belts of Slutsk, magnificent furniture, collections of coins and medals were placed in it. This castle preserves the former greatness even now. It is included into the architectural complex of ancient constructions of the Republic of Belarus and represents property and heritage of our country. Annually millions of tourists from all over the world and our republic come to admire this ancient monument, greatness of its ancient constructions. The castle of Neswizh has gone through many changes, reorganizations and restorations, but despite of this it does not lose its beauty and represents architectural value of the Republic of Belarus.

 

 

 

15. Answer the questions:                                                          

1. Where the Castle of Neswizh was constructed? 2. Who was the prince of Neswizh? 3. When was the construction of the castle started? 4. When did Nikolay Radzivill go to Italy? 5. Whom was entrusted the reconstruction to? 6. Where is the Castle of Neswizh erected on? 7. What was the form of the castle and what was the castle surrounded by? 8. Where were barracks and separate economic services placed? 9. What did the shaft of the castle cover? 10. What was there from the western and northern part of the embankment and what was there from the southern and eastern part? IT. Where was the big tower from which was possible to supervise the attacks of the enemy? 12. Where were the apartments of the prince placed? 13. How was the castle protected? 14. When was the city strengthening and constructions basically constructed? 15. How could people get inside the castle? 16. What was this rich cultural centre some years ago? 16. Who come to admire this ancient monument? 17. Which changes has the castle gone through? 18. How can you compare the old castle and the castle which we can see today?.

 

16. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1. During the board of Nikolay Radzivill — the prince of Neswizh, the construction of the Castle of Neswizh was started in 1580. 2. However it is possible, that the decision of the prince was affected by his trip to Italy where prince Radzivill spent the winter of 1581. 3. The Castle of Neswizh is erected on a peninsula, on the left coast of the river Svisloch. 4. The shaft was enclosed with wood and the entrenchments which were built behind it. 5. A spacious castle yard was surrounded by three buildings. 6, The shaft of the castle covered all the first floor of the building from bombardment.  7. From the internal side of the moat there was a wide road which was protected by a low earthen embankment. 8. The Castle of Neswizh was a poor cultural centre some years ago. 9. Annually millions of tourists from all over the worfd and our republic come to admire this ancient monument, greatness of its ancient constructions. 10. Thanks to its architectural construction the Castle of Neswizh had not sustained many attacks from the opponent's part. 11. A lot of years ago the Castle of Neswizh was considered as one of the most powerful and perfect constructions of this type.

 

17. Put in the right prepositions where necessary:

1. The mighty and beautiful architectural complex draws huge attention ... tourists, archeologists, historians. 2. However it is possible, that the decision ... the prince was affected... .his trip ... Italy where prince Radzivill spent the winter of 15 81. 3. The Castle of Neswizh is erected ... a peninsula, ... the right coast of the river Usha. 4. To get ...the castle was possible.... the gates. 5. It is included ... the architectural complex of ancient constructions ... the Republic of Belarus. 6. The moat around the town carried ... one more function. 7. Thanks to its architectural construction the Castle of Neswizh has sustained many attacks ... the side ... the enemy. 8. The shaft was enclosed ... stone and the entrenchments which were built... it.

 

18. Choose the word from the box to put into each gap:

1. This castle has been......the city of Neswizh in Grodno region. 2. The Castle of Neswizh is erected on a peninsula, on the right coast of the ...... 3. It was

surrounded by the … ...., filled with Water. 4. The massive three-tier building with

a high tower was erected to ...... of the entrance in the castle yard. 5. The shaft of

the castle covered all the ground floor of the building from .... 6. From the external

side of the moat there was a wide road which was protected by a low earthen .... 7. A lot of years ago the Castle of Neswizh was ... as one of the most powerful and perfect constructions of this type. 8. The ... was constructed before the gate. 9. The moat around the town carried out one more function: it was ... for the fish. 10. The castle is included into the architectural complex of ancient constructions of the Republic of Belarus and represents.........of our country.

 

the right, embankment, river Usha, wide moat, property and the heritage, bombardment, considered, constructed in, nursery, drawbridge

 

19. Fill in the table:

 

1583
the winter of 1581
170 x l20 meters
5 gates of the castle

 

20. Work in groups. Find out from your partners:

— what member of Radzivill family they know;

— what kind of the construction was the Castle of Neswizh;

— what has happened to the castle;

— what treasures does the castle have.

 

21. Comment on:

— construction of the castle;

— its defensive means.

 

22. Prove that:

— the Radzivills were very rich;

— the castle was very big, powerful and strong;

— the construction of the castle was rather complicated.

 

23. Imagine that:

— You are a guide in the local museum. One of the visitors is interested n the changes which were made to the castle. Role-play a dialogue with your partner on the topic.                                                        .

— Your friend comes to your place and asks you to tell him about Belaru-ian's castles. Share the information you know.

 

24. Comprehension check. Choose the best alternative according to the text:

1. The Castle of Neswizh has been

a) reconstructed in Polotsk region;

b) constructed in the city of Neswizh in Grodno region;

c) restored in the city of Neswizh in Minsk region.

 

2. During the board ofNikolay Radzivill — the prince of Neswizh, the construc-ionof the Castle of Neswizh was started in

a) 1583;

b) 1654;

c)1347.

 

3.  The Castle of Neswizh is erected on a peninsula, on the right coast of the river a) Svisloch;                          

b)Dvina;

c)Usha.

 

4. The shaft was enclosed                                                                    

a) with wood and the temples which were built inside it;

b) with metal and the towers which were built opposite it;

c) with stones and the entrenchments which were built behind it.

 

5. A spacious castle yard was surrounded by

a) three buildings;

b) two houses;

c) five walls.

 

6.  Thanks to its architectural construction the Castle of Neswizh has sustained many attacks from:

a) the opponent's part which was trying to destruct it;

b) the enemy's part which was rather weaker;                 

c) the friends'part.

 

7.  The city strengthening and constructions were basically

a) finished by the end of the 16th century;

b) reconstructed by the beginning of the-14th century;

c) restored by the second half of the 17^th century.

 

8. The castle was enclosed with the shaft which was

a) triangle with one tower;

b) quadrangle with three towers;

c) like a pentagon with seven towers.

 

9.  The moat around the town carried out one more function:

a) it was nursery for the fish;                                     

b) it was a shed for domestic animals;

c) it was such a place where children could swim and play.

 

10. From the western and northern part of the embankment there was

a) the crest of the rampart;

b) the peninsular;

c) the moat.

 

11. From the southern and eastern part of the embankment there were

a) the lake;

b) deep ponds;         

c) the sea.

 

12. Small monasteries with the complexes of

a) wooden buildings which stood in the unnoticed places had a great defensive function and opened,the road to the castle;

b) stone constructions which stood in the favorable places had a great value and closed the road to the efastle;

c) constructions made of stone which stood in the open places had aesthetic value and had the function of decoration.

 

13. The Castle of Neswizh was a rich cultural centre some years ago:

a) the museum of the ancient clothes, a rich collection of the weapon from all over the world, manuscripts and old letters were placed in it;

b) collections of coins and medals, pictures, old documents, the library, well-  known belts of Slutsk;

c) the library, portrait and picture galleries, a rich collection of the weapon from all over the world, well-known belts of Slutsk, magnificent furniture, collections of coins and medals were placed in it.

 

THE MIR CASTLE

 

1. Pay attention to the following words. Pick out sentences with these words from the text and read them out:

The Mir Castle — Мирский замок;

Litovskaya metrica — Литовская метрика (юридический документ ВКЛ, содержащий информацию по экономическим, правовым и другим  вопросам в XV-XV1II вв.);

a forged grille – 'chersa' — кованая металлическая опускная решетка, по-другому называемая «герса»;

the Svyatopolk-Mirskies — Святоподк-Мнрские;

UNESCO (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization) — ЮНЕСКО (Организация ООН по вопросам образования, науки и культуры)

 

2. Practice saying the following proper names:

Gothic	[Pgo9ik]	готика
Renaissance	[rfneisns]	ренессанс
Italian	[rtaehan]	итальянский
Swedish	[pswfcdij]	шведский
the Radzivills	[rsdzi'vilz]	Радзивиллы

 

3. Read the international words and try to guess their meaning:

Region, structure, architectural, niche, form, ornamental, style, facade, collect, geometrical, patriotic, park, reservoir, element, component mosaic, panel, prince ruin, reconstruction, monument.

 

4. Read out the following words and memorize them:

outline (n)	[faVtlaln]	очертание, контур
tower (n)	[taVq(r)]	башня
farmstead (n)	['fRmsted]	ферма со службами, поместье
drawbridge (n)	[" drO:briG]	подъемный мост
gunshot (n)	[PgAnSPt]	дальность выстрела
loophole (n)	[iHphqVI]	бойница
alternation (n)	["0:ltq~ nelSn]	чередование
excavations (n)	["ekskq" velSnz]	раскопки
limestone (n)	[rialmstqVn]	известняк
glazed (p)	[fglelzd]	глазурованный
coat of arms (n)	["kqVt qv * Q:mz]	герб
moat (n)	[mqVt]	ров с водой
revenge (v)	[rrvenGJ	мстить
siege (n)	[sJG]	осада, блокада
facility (n)	[ sllqtl]	сооружение, помещение
ordeal (n)	[Ofdirl]	тяжелое испытание, мытарство
fortification (n)	[fO:tifr kelSn]	укрепление
coincidence (n)	[kqV4 Insldqns]	совпадение
glade (n)	[gleld]	поляна
pivot (adj)	[fplvqt]	центральный, основной
burial (adj)	[' beriql]	погребальный
ghetto (n)	[r'getqVj	гетто
refugee  (n)	["refjV^Gi:]	беженец
ensemble (n)	[Prf sPmbl]	ансамбль