The radzivills

b) art gallery;

c) historical museum.

 

11. Distinct defensive features had also other town church constructions: ...

a) the Catholic Cathedral and the Christian church;

b) the Jesuit complex and the Jesuit church;

c) the Jesuit complex and the Jesuit school.

 

12. Initial function of the given castle had a defensive character; its stone buildings had created an additional zone of defense

a) which the opponent could not take without the help of special technique;

b) but the enemy could possibly destroy it and appear in the town;

c) which the enemy tried to take-by storm.

 

13.  Cathedrals of such a type keep ancient history, enigmatic events which draw attention of

a) historians from Russia, the Ukraine and Belarus;

b) people from all over the world;                                                              

c) sculptors and architects of our Republic

 

UNIT XVIII

A HOLY PLACE: DRUTSK

 

1. Pay attention to the following words. Pick out sentences with these words from the text and read them:

The church of the Virgin Saint — Церковь непорочного зачатия;

His Pure Mother's mercy — благословение его пречистой матушки;

Slavonic language — славянский язык;

the Russian Academy of Sciences — Российская Академия наук;

the Belarusian Academy of Sciences — Белорусская Академия наук;

the first Orthodox" Church— первая Православная Церковь;

God's ways are inscrutable — Пути Господни неисповедимы;

Kulikovskoye field —Куликово поле;

The Gryunvald Battle — Грюнвальдская битва;

the Great Principality of Lithuania — Великое княжество Литовское;

A blessing by the Patriarch of Moscow and all of Russia, Alexey the 2nd — и всея Руси, Алексия второго благословление Патриарха Московского;

The Metropolitan of Minsk and Slutsk, the Patriarch of all Belarus' Filaret — Митрополит Минский и Слуцкий, патриарший экзарх всея Беларуси Филарет;

Historical Chronology of Drutsk— историческая хронология Друцка.

 

2. Practise saying the following proper names:

 

Grand Duke Vasily Mikhailovich	[" graencT cktf vsv si:l] [mfhailavitf]	Великий князь Василий Михайлович
Grand Duchess Vasilisa	[" grand " dAtJas	Великая княжна Василиса
Tolochino	[to"b:tfmo]	Толочино
Valentina Tereshkova	[,valenx ti-.пэ	Валентина Терешкова
Vladimir Kovalenok	[vb'dumir	Владимир Коваленок
Sofia Drutskaya (Galshanskaya)	[saviTfba Mrutskaja [дэГ Jaenskaja]	Софья Друцкая (Галь- шанская)
Bogdana Drutskaya- Sokolinskaya	[bog4da:fta vdru:tskaja sakaMimskaja]	Богдана  Друцкая-Со- Колинская
LevSapega	[lev ss pegs]	ЛедСапега
Rygor Lenkevich	[гГдт-г len^kevi:tf]	Рыгор Ленкевич

                     

3. Read these international words and try to guess their meaning:

Modern, manuscript, memorial, photocopy, traditionally, date, historians, actions, specialists, territory, argument, secret, religious, ritual, students, cosmonaut, dynasty, national, culture, restoration, apathy.

 

4. Read the following words and try to memorize them:

erect (v)	[Prekt1	сооружать, воздвигать
Gospel (n)	[pgOspql]	Евангелие
source (n)	[sLs]	источник, начало, исток
temple (n)	[4empl]	храм
trace (v)	[trqlsj	оставить след
faith (n)	[felT]	вера
parchment (n)	[PpRCmqnt]	рукопись на пергаменте
descendant (n)	[йУ sendqnt]	потомок
eternal (adj)	[rtE.nql]	вечный, вековой
reveal (v)	[rPvJI]	открывать,обнаруживать
rotation (n)	[rqV4e1Sri]	периодичность, повторение
farmstead (n)	[' f Rmsted]	усадьба, ферма со службами
damage (n)	[pdxmlG]	убыток, вред
decays  (n)	[drkel]	распад, упадок
fascination (n)	["fxsP nelSn]	очарование
absorb (v)	[qb~sl_b]	впитывать, поглощать
virgin (n)	[pvE:Gln]	чистый, нетронутый
warrior (n)	[\w0r4q]	воин, боец
sticky (adj)	[pstlkl]	стойкий
apathy (n)	[" xpqTI]	безразличие

 

5.  Read these phrasal verbs and expressions several times till you remember them:

thanks to                               — благодаря чему-л. (кому-л.)

the first mention                    — первое упоминание

this can be likened                 — это может сравниться

little by little                         — понемногу (шаг за шагом)

for ages                             — веками

nothing stands still                — ничего не бывает неизменным

itturnsout                            — оказалось

 

 

 

6. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:

 

1. erect 2. Gospel 3. fascination 4. farmstead 5. descendant 6. warrior 7. temple 8. forages 9. faith 10. damage 11. decay 12. eternal

а. очарование b. воин, боец с. распад d. Евангеиие e. убыток                                      f. сооружать                                  g. веками                                      h. вековой                                     i. усадьба                                      j.xpav                                         k. вера                                          1. потомок

 

7. Combine the words with the help of the preposition of:                         

1. the church 2. the town 3. the pages 4. the manuscripts memorial 5. the date 6. the actions  7. the circle 8. the performance 9. on the bank 10. the founder 11. royal dynasty 12. traditions 13. the souls 14. the laws 15. a new cycle

a. town's foundation                        b. life                                           c.Yagelony                                   d. the Virgin Saint e. the Drutsk Gospel f. the river Druts g. Drutsk h. people i. national culture j. ritual circle k. Life 1. the East m. history n. gardeners o. famous dynasty

                           

8. Give the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives:

Modern, remarkable, high, wild, large, little, ancient, important, religious, strong, good, few.

 

9. Give the three forms of the following verbs:

To read, to find, to keep, to erect, to do, to know, to give, to understand, to think.

 

10. Give the plural of:

Line, library, history, list, mystery, descendant, woman, soul, bread, family.

 

11. Write the derivatives of the following words:

Settlement, foundation, restoration, anniversary, existence, law, respect, celebrate, invisible, fascinate.

 

12. These words can be used both as Verbs and nouns. Make up your own sentences to show the difference in their usage:

Circle, respect, love, experience, border.

 

13. Read these expressions and find their English equivalents in the text:

Переведенных на; несколько  веков до; дикое дерево; невидимые  часы; их стрелки; благодаря богу; тайный ритуал; тайна жизни; все течет, все  изменяется; дали жизнь многим; научились  уважать; в многочисленных битвах; белорусы уделяют внимание; и более того, они уважают законы; о хлебе насущном; построили церковь; и одновременно; последние слова о церкви.

 

14. Read the text and get ready to speak about an eternal circle in our life:

 

A HOLY PLACE: DRUTSK

"In the year 6509 (1001) in the town of Drutsk, the church of the Virgin Saint was erected. A daily service is held, by God's andHis Pure Mother's mercy, and by God's servants, the Grand Duke Vasily Mikhailovich and his Grand Duchess Vasilisa..."

You can read these lines on the pages of the Drutsk Gospel, translated into our modern language. Thanks to these lines, which are found in the manuscript memorial of the East (written in the Slavonic language), ancient Drutsk celebrated its 1000-year anniversary in 2001. (The Drutsk Gospel is kept now in the library of the Siberian ' department at the Russian Academy of Sciences, and a photocopy can be found in the library of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences.) This is traditionally considered the first mention, in a written source, of the date of the town's founding.

Historians think that life in Drutsk actually began several centuries before the town and the Duke erected the temple. This can be likened to the actions of gardeners who graft a high quality branch onto a.hard, wild tree, but only after it has grown out of the soil and become strong.

However, the Drutsk temple is very remarkable in the history of Belarus: specialists insist that it was the first Orthodox Church ortthe Belarusian territory.

The first argument: God's words — "God's ways are inscrutable" — appear on the ancient settlement. The pendulum of a large and invisible clock advances little by litttej its hands tracing the circle of life.

The second argument. In the town, which accepts and professes the Christian word, faith appears.

The third argument. That faith, "by God's mercy", as h is said in the ancient manuscript, is expressed on the physical plane with a concrete temple.

The fourth argument. Words on parchment list everything that will he done for the descendants.

So, for ages a secret ritual has been performed: word... faith... temple... word. It's very important for people to know their place within the eternal circle and within this religious rite. Once, it was revealed through the performance of ritual circle dances (there are fewer and fewer of them now...).

In the great mystery of life, along its unending rotation (as you can see in the example with Drutsk), nothing stands still: everything passes, everything changes...

For its one thousand year history, Drutsk is a little village, consisting of 110 farmsteads on the left bank of the river Druts and not far from the centre (Tolo-chino) in Vitebschina. Not even the church has survived. But beyond this damage, even if one considers it fatal, one sees not decay, but a fascination which has blossomed in the land of Drutsk. The banks of the river Druts gave birth to dozens of people with strong will-power who absorbed, passed on; and, today, continue to pass on to their descendants, companions, and students, the Light which gave life and which was generously thrown upon the land of Drutsk and its neighbourhood.  

Drutsk gave birth to scientists and writers, artists and teachers, corn growers, military leaders... And even to cosmonauts! It turns out that the parents of the first female cosmonaut on the Earth, Valentina Tereshkova, lived and worked on the ancient land of Drutsk. And Vladimir Kovalyonok, a Belarusian who has already. been in outer space three times, is a Dratsker by origin.                                      

Honouring the Virgin, Drutskers learned to respect the woman: as their sister, \beloved, mother. It is they, women, who raised, loved and inspired the brave warriors who defended their native land on the fields in Kulikovskoye, Gryunvalds-koye and in other numerous battles. Among those outstanding women are Sofia Drutskaya (Galshanskaya), the founder of the famous princely and royal dynasty of Yagelony, and Bogdana Drutskaya-Sokolinskaya, whose son, Lev Sapega, be-, came the chancellor of the Great Principality of Lithuania.

Today, while looking for recipes for overcoming spiritual and material crises in, our society, the Belarusians pay attention to historical experience. As a rule, in places where traditions of national culture are respected, where the souls of people are en-, lighted by Christian ideals, life is more harmonious; there is less sticky apathy and. displeasure. Why? Because people understand their unique and remarkable places; within the big Circle of Life. And even more, Ihey know and respect its laws - the laws of Life. They live, troubling not only about their daily bread, but also about-their families, their nation and Motherland. They know mat beyond that invisible line, where the earthly way and the earthly circle end, the circle of the Sky begins. And it's higher than that from which Tereshkova and Kovalyonok saw the Earth... 

So, in a new cycle of history, after a thousand years in Drutsk, a church is? being built again (or, to be more exact, is being restored). It's the same foundation, from which the annals of the settlement's history began. To aid In its reconstruct tion, a blessing by the Patriarch of Moscow and all of Russia, Alexey the 2nd, the; Metropolitan of Minsk and Slutsk, the Patriarch of all Belarus' Filaret, was given.

The lines about the restoration of the temple are the last ones in the formidable "Historical Chronology of Drutsk", which was being prepared as an anniversary book by Professor of the Military Academy of Belarus, Colonel Rygor Lenkevich, who is Tolochino-born. And simultaneously, these last words about the church are the beginning of a new cycle of existence for the great Word, which, like the sunlit Earth, revives faith — and is realized in temples.

 

15. Answer the following questions:

1. When was the church of Virgin Saint erected? 2. When did Drutsk celebrate its 1000-year anniversary? 3. Where is Drutsk Gospel kept now? 4. Who erected the temple? 5. Why is the Drutsk temple remarkable in the history? 6. Is it important for people to know their place within the eternal circle? 7. Is Drutsk a beautiful place? 8. Where is it situated? 9. The banks of the river Druts gave birth to dozens of people with strong will-power, didn't they? 10. Was Valentina Tereshkova born in Drutsk? 11. Where was Vladimir Kovalyonok born? 12. What famous women lived in Drutsk? 13. In what cases is our life more harmonious? 14. Is a church being built in Drutsk again? 15. Who gave given an aid to the reconstruction of the church? 16. Who prepared "Historical Chronology of Drutsk"? 17. Where was Colonel Rygor Lenkevich born?

 

16. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1. The church of the Virgin Saint was erected in Vitebsk in 1021.2. The Drutsk Gospel is kept in one of the museums in Minsk. 3. Drutsk celebrated its 1000-year anniversary in 2005. 4. Historians think that Grand Duchess Vasilisa erected the temple. 5. Specialists insist that the Drutsk temple was the first Orthodox Church on the Belarusian territory. 6. Drutsk is a big town. 7. Drutsk is situated on the right bank of the river Druts not far from Vitebsk. 8. The banks of the river Druts gave birth to dozens of people with strong will-power. 9. It turns out that the parents of the first cosmonaut on Earth, Yuri Gagarin, lived and worked in the ancient land of Drutsk. 10. Vladimir Kovalyonok, a Belarusian who has already been in outer space three times, is a Drutsker by origin. 11. Sofia Drutskaya (Galshanskaya), the founder of the famous princely and royal dynasty of Yagelony made tier contribution to the building of the temple. 12. Bogdana Drutskaya-Sokolinskaya was famous for her great religious views. 13. Lev Sapega, became the chancellor of the Great Principality of Lithuania. 14. Now a new church is being built in Drutsk. 15. "Historical Chronology of Drutsk" was written by an unknown writer.

 

17. Put the right prepositions where necessary:

1. … the year 6509 (1001) ... the town ... Drutsk, the church ... the Virgin Saint was erected. 2. The Drutsk Gospel is kept now ... the library ... the Siberian department. … the Russian Academy . . . Sciences. 3. Historians think that life ... Drutsk actually began several centuries ... the town and the Duke erected ... he temple. 4. This can be likened . . . the actions . . . gardeners who graft a high quality branch ... a hard, wild tree, but only ... it has grown......the soil and become strong. 5. The pendulum ... a large and invisible clock advances little ... little, its hands tracing ... the circle . .. life. 6. It's very important. .. people to know their place ... the eternal circle and . . . this religious rite. 7. Citizens ... Drutsk is a little village, consisting ... 110 farmsteads ... the left bank ... the river Druts and not far .. .the centre (Tolochino)... Vitebschina. 8. The parents ... Valentina Tereshkova lived and worked... the ancient land... Drutsk. 9. ... those outstanding women are Sofia Drutskaya (Galshanskaya), the founder... the famous princely and royal dynasty . . . Yagelony, and Bogdana Drutskaya-Soko-linskaya, whose on, Lev Sapega, became the chancellor... the Great Principality . . . Lithuania. 10. As a rule, . . . places where traditions ... national culture are respected, where the souls... people are enlighted... Christian ideals, life is more harmonious; there is less sticky apathy and displeasure.