Индивидуальные особенности членов группы как причина межгрупповых конфликтов

align:justify">- восприятие легитимности социальной системы и угроза ее стабильности;

- низкая значимость личных и групповых потребностей по сравнению с общественными;

- демонстрация членами социальных групп поведения, соответствующего стереотипам.

Оправдание социальной системы приводит к ряду последствий:

- формированию стереотипов, а также позитивного отношения к членам высокостатусной и негативного - к членам низкостатусной группы;

- повышению самооценки у членов высокостатусных групп, а также депрессии, уровня нейротизма или возникновению амбивалентного (одновременно позитивного и негативного) отношения к ингруппе у членов низкостатусных групп.

Таким образом, идея о том, что межгрупповые конфликты можно объяснить с помощью индивидуальных особенностей их участников, до сих пор пользуется популярностью, составляя конкуренцию "групповым" объяснениям. Однако за семь десятков лет она претерпела значительные изменения. Если на первых этапах ее развития психологи рассматривали межгрупповой конфликт как результат временного или относительно стабильного "нарушения" функционирования человека, то в настоящее время он воспринимается как неизбежное следствие человеческой натуры. На первый взгляд это означает возвращение к идеям З. Фрейда, от которых в свое время оттолкнулись сторонники гипотезы "козла отпущения" и теории авторитарной личности. Однако современные объяснения отличает вера в рациональность человека, силу его представлений. Это начало нового витка в развитии "индивидуальных" объяснений межгрупповых конфликтов.

 

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