The peculiarities of technical translation in the sphere of trade

The translator should consult the context with special care if his dictionary suggests only one equivalent. He should not be in a hurry to use this equivalent in his text without first ascertaining that the English word really is context – free and is always translated in the same way. In case it is not, the entry is not exhaustive and the translator should look for another way out. The “New English-Russian Dictionary”, for example, treats the English words “opportunism” and “opportunist” as political terms and gives only one equivalent to each: “оппортунизм” and “оппортунист”. When the word is used as a general term of disapprobation implying little regard for principles or consequences, the equivalents suggested by the dictionary have to be rejected in favor. Professional skill in using both the dictionary data and the information extracted from the context to solve his translation problems is the hallmark of a good translator.   

 

 

 

 

II. 7.  Translation of headlines in technical articles.

 

The headlines of the Anglo-American technical articles are presented well-known difficulties for the translation.

The main features of the headings of the Anglo-American technical articles are: a particular style, bright, showy manner in which they present to the reader expressiveness of lexical and grammatical means

Headlines are usually characterized by extremely short form of presentation. They may be omitted auxiliary verbs, verb, conjunctions and articles. Reductions and Abbreviated compounds are widely used in headlines.Nevertheless, headings of technical articles, as a rule, give concept about the basic maintenance of article.

It is possible to translate the headline only after acquaintance with article.

In modern British and American technical literature can be found in the form of headlines: questions, statements, exclamatory sentences.

Samples of the headlines of interrogative character and ways of their transfer:

*What’s coming for light weight clay blocks? – Каковы перспективы развития легких керамических блоков.

*Why wash aggregates? – Вопросы промывки заполнителей.

*How to figure duct fitting losses? – Как рассчитать номограмму для потери напора в соединительных частях воздуховодов.

*Modernize? – Стоит ли реконструктировать (здание)

The headlines of interrogative character are translated into Russian as the declarative sentences.

The headlines of statements:

*Exhibition halls go underground – Cооружение подземных выставочных залов.

*We give an old swimming pool new ideas. – Как предопалагается реконструировать старый плавательный бассеин or *Рекострукция старого плавательного бассеина.

*The roof you save – Сохранение кровли крыши.

*All-weather site protection. – Пластмассовый тент-тепляк.

* Continuous turbidity monitoring controls chemical coagulation. – Регулирование подачи химикалиев в процессе коагуляции на основе показаний непрерывного замера.

*Large- scale pipe-laying for California aqueduct – Укладка крупногабаритных железобетонных труб на трассе Калифорнийского акведука.

It is not obligatory to result figures in translating of headlines.

*Development of a 230-k V 20.000 Mva Oil Circuit Breaker. – Конструкция мощного масляного выключателя.

The headlines of the exclamatory sentence:

*Here’s a simple way to interpret data! – Найден простой способ расшифровки данных

 

IІІ. The Practical Part

 

BMW X6

 

BMW X6 is the first car in the world to feature Dynamic Performance Control for unique directional stability and precision under all driving conditions as well as BMW’s intelligent xDrive all-wheel-drive technology. BMW X6 captures the eyes of the beholder through its highly innovative combination of design and concept features. The car combines four doors and a dynamically flowing coupe roofline with a high sill-line, muscular wheel arches, and a strong centre of gravity positioned right in the middle and making a clear reference to four-wheel-drive technology.  
The result is a unique vehicle clearly presenting the DNA of a BMW X model but interpreting the character of such a vehicle in a unique and truly sporting manner. The design of BMW X6 is the authentic visualisation of outstanding driving qualities borne out by the car mainly through BMW’s intelligent xDrive technology as well as    Dynamic Performance Control.

Unique, aesthetic look: dynamic coupe line and the typical features of a BMW X model. The front end of BMW X6 is dominated by highlights in design clearly symbolising the car’s dynamic orientation to the road. From the side, in turn, the proportions are definitely elegant, the short front body overhang emphasising the dynamism of the car, the long overhang at the rear, its stretched and sleek look. The long line of the engine compartment lid merges smoothly and gently into the elegantly rising A-pillars, the greenhouse moved far to the back and the roofline tapering out clearly and consistently from the B-pillars interacting with the high window line to provide low and, indeed, almost flat window graphics.

The roofline, in turn, flows down gently to the rear spoiler, finally moving up again slightly in a small upward swing perfecting the overall line of a coupe and at the same time optimising the car’s aerodynamic qualities.

The dynamically stretched side lines highlight the aesthetic effect of this concept car, with BMW X6 obtaining its impressive presence clearly through the unique combination of these lines and the design elements of a BMW X car.

Apart from the high window line, the large wheel arches and the centre of gravity visibly in the middle of the car, particularly this distinctive and powerful interaction of convex and concave surfaces, of the muscular side-sills with running boards made of drilled aluminium beneath the doors and the strong underfloor protection elements front and rear also made of aluminium express all the genuine DNA of BMW X.

Consistent focus on sporting performance. BMW X6 combines the design features so typical of a BMW X model with a truly individual, aesthetic look. In its character and design, this concept car stands out clearly from BMW’s highly successful SAV models, although the core features of those models provide a strong and sound foundation for the development of a unique personality in the guise of BMW X6 as the Sports Activity Coupe.With its impressively dynamic driving characteristics, the BMW X5 already excels as a true exception in its segment, and was indeed the forerunner creating the entire segment in the first place. Now BMW X6 provides a clear impression of how an even more consistent focus on sporting performance in this class is able to set standards once again.

Through its design alone, this new concept car arouses the greatest expectations of the driving experience in a Sports Activity Coupe, bearing out the robustness and superior traction of a BMW X model in combination with dynamic driving qualities never seen before in this segment of the market.

World debut: Dynamic Performance Control in BMW X6.Dynamic Performance Control making its world debut in BMW X6 provides ideal qualities for experiencing new dimensions in driving dynamics. This drivetrain and chassis control system, combined with BMW’s intelligent xDrive all-wheel drive technology, offers a truly unique standard of driving stability in every situation, benefiting both driving dynamics and safety at the same time.

Dynamic Performance Control, a truly innovative system, spreads out drive forces as required in all situations, feeding a varying degree of power whenever required to the two wheels at the rear.

Dynamic Performance Control is the only system of its kind in the world able to provide its stabilising effect both under power and with the engine in overrun.  
As soon as the system detects possible over- or understeer of the vehicle, for example in a bend, it will vary the distribution of drive forces between the wheels for perfect stability, dynamic traction, and forward motion. And in the process Dynamic Performance Control improves driving stability at all speeds, this unique chassis and suspension innovation ensuring not only safe traction when setting off and precise control when entering a bend, but also higher lateral acceleration and optimum directional stability when accelerating out of the bend.

BMW – setting the standard in a dynamically growing market segment.  
Launching BMW X6, BMW is once again proving the company's outstanding competence in the development of new car concepts. First, this fascinating study shows how the range of BMW X models highly successful the world over might be extended by yet another exclusive version; second, BMW X6 presents the possibility to experience the sporting performance so typical of the brand in entirely new style and with brand-new features. The highly innovative Sports Activity Coupe created in this way is therefore once again paving the way into a dynamically growing market segment.

BMW X6 is beyond comparison with any existing series production vehicle the world over. But at the same time it creates clear references and associations through its unique, sophisticated design, the world’s first Sports Activity Coupe guiding the fantasy of the particularly demanding motorist in a clearly defined direction: this car promises driving dynamics in a dimension never seen before.  
Yet a further point is that BMW X6, through its extravagant look and appearance, opens up very tempting perspectives for the future, this Sports Activity Coupe boasting design ideally suited to prove individual style and character.

Unique, innovative – and BMW all the way. BMW X6 is unique and brand-new in the world of the automobile. But it nevertheless stands out as a genuine BMW at first sight; all design features of this concept study clearly reflecting the particular language of BMW design. Indeed, through its design language alone BMW X6 makes a number of clear and highly recognisable statements simply because they are quite unique in this constellation: The car expresses sporting elegance, superior presence and stylish extravagance as well as the symbiosis of superior power and outstanding robustness so characteristic of a BMW X car and now enhanced to a significantly higher standard in BMW X6.

Clear orientation towards the product features characterising the concept of a Sports Activity Coupe gives BMW X6 a fascinating look right fromthe start. Through its design alone, this car expresses the features essential to such an innovative vision of a completely new car. Conversely, this design principle now arouses the expectation that a BMW Sports Activity Coupe may well develop precisely the outstanding sportiness and superior power both on the road and offroad clearly borne out by this concept study.

So it is precisely the unique features of the vehicle that lead to its unmistakable design. And it is this authentic design so typical of a BMW which gives the BMW X6 its individual style and character and also reflects the image of the brand. In other words – only BMW is able to create a Sports Activity Coupe, and BMW X6 shows what such a car must look like.

Front end with dynamic orientation to the road.BMW X6 stands out clearly as a genuine BMW from every angle. This is ensured primarily by the sculptural shape and design of the car characteristic of all BMW X models, the front, side and rear areas merging smoothly into one another, the car’s shapes and surfaces forming one common unit.

Individual details also bear out the design so typical of the BMW brand, ranging from the BMW kidney grille with its dual round headlights cut away at the side and the powerful contour line along the flanks of the vehicle all the way to the horizontal lines accentuating the sheer width of the car.

Like on the BMW X5, the fundamental look and impression of the front area of this concept car symbolises powerful presence right from the start. But given the large share of surfaces finished in body colour, the front end nevertheless creates an impression of lower height, emphasising the dynamic, road-going orientation of this

Sports Activity Coupe. The DNA of BMW X is also to be admired on the engine compartment lid and the structure of the almost vertical BMW kidney grille, with its slats finished in high-quality titanium colour. In addition, clear signs of distinction to be admired in many details serve to accentuate the sporting potential of this high performer.

Large air intake scoops positioned far to the outside not only bear testimony to the cooling requirements of an engine one can rightly expect to be particularly powerful, but also show a clear orientation, together with the side panels extending far to the inside beyond the headlights, to the wheels, emphasising how stable the car is on the road.  
The air intakes are split horizontally by chrome-coloured bars also supporting the surrounds on the round foglamps. The contour of the central air intake, finally, is characterised by lines oriented to the outside, again providing a clear optical orientation to the road as such.

Through their design sharply cut across at the top, the dual round headlights typical of BMW express a particularly intense and focused look. Hence, the entire vehicle will appear to be concentrating even more on the road ahead.  
The outer contours of the headlight units, in turn, extend far into the side panels, making the front overhang look shorter than it really is and giving the vehicle an even more sporting and dynamic appearance from the side.

Side view: characteristic wedge shape, dynamic roofline.The unique proportions of BMW X6 are particularly clear from the side, the gently tapering roofline and the long body overhang at the rear giving the car its stretched and sleek coupe silhouette.

The roofline itself reaches its highest point directly behind the steering wheel, highlighting the driver' position and creating an effect most appropriate for the extravagant design of BMW X6. The chrome surrounds on the side windows, in turn, made of one piece, accentuate the sheer elegance of the vehicle, while the absence of pillars dividing the side area gives the window graphics a completely homogeneous look making the entire vehicle appear lighter and almost transparent.

The counter-flowing line at the bottom of the D-pillar so characteristic of BMW and well-known to the connoisseur as the “Hofmeister kick” stands out clearly towards the rear of the window frame, while slender plastic protection panels at the bottom edge of the bumpers, the side-sills and wheel arches discreetly allude to the robust character of BMW X6.

The side-walls are split by two intuitively contoured lines merging slightly towards one another at the front of the car and thus creating a wedge shape signalising the forward-pushing motion of BMW X6.

The contour line extending to the rear at the level of the door openers comes out particularly clearly, emphasising the dynamic wedge shape of the car further accentuated by the growing distance between the shoulder line and the sill-line towards the rear end extending all the way to the rear lights to give the entire vehicle an even sleeker and more stretched-out look.

The second character line runs parallel to the side-sills, half-way between the contour and the sill-line. Both front and rear, this second character line ends where the large and muscular wheel arches bulge strongly out of the side panels.  
Reflecting the usual style and character of a BMW X model, the wheel arches are almost square in their contours, offering sufficient space for light-alloy rims measuring no less than 21 inches, with Y-spoke design created specifically for BMW X6.

The exterior mirrors on BMW X6 likewise come in brand-new, innovative design. They are made up of two units with a white-glistening strip of lights between the lower unit finished in body colour and the upper section of the mirror cap made of aluminium. This row of lights supplements the corona rings in the headlights so typical of BMW and serving as daytime driving lights.

BMW X6 provides particularly powerful interaction of concave and convex surfaces between the characteristic lines of the side panels. The play of light and shade created in this way gives the entire vehicle an unusually muscular look, visualising the agility so typical of a Sports Activity Coupe in a particularly fascinating manner. And the generous surfaces also emphasise the powerful presence of the vehicle, while the elegant lines structuring these surfaces are a clear expression of its elegance.  
Strong shoulders and powerful roadholding distinguishing the rear end.  
The rear end of BMW X6 offers a fascinating combination of elegance, sportiness and robustness in one smooth and harmonious symbiosis. The muscular bumper and the protective underfloor panel are classic design elements of a BMW X car. In addition, the proportions typical also of a coupe are borne out here in design language again characteristic of BMW X, with the greenhouse featuring an unusually angled rear window tapering out to the rear.

The stable grip on the road emphasised by the powerful rear section is expressed above all by the equally powerful and elegant shoulder sections, another feature typical of a coupe being the rear lid integrating a striking air flow contour lip.  
The entire rear end is split and characterised by horizontal lines making the rear end look even wider and emphasising the powerful stance of the car on the road, in the process creating attractive interplay of convex and concave surfaces.

The rear end reaches its full width in the area of the wheel arches, the two exhaust tailpipes positioned far to the outside and featuring high-quality surrounds together with a trapezoidal contour guiding the eyes of the beholder to the wheels.  
The distinctive light edge along the lower section of the bumper provides yet a further highlight referring in particular to the ground clearance of BMW X6 so typical of a BMW X car. Again, it is details of this kind that characterise the exclusivity and refined nature of the world’s first Sports Activity Coupe.

The rear lights, in their design, likewise reflect the unique character of BMW X6, re-interpreting the L-shape so typical of BMW’s X models and adding a dynamic, sweeping line. Extending far into the side walls, the rear lights again express the full width of the car also through its night design.

Extravagance and dynamic design for a unique driving experience. In its design and looks, BMW X6 sets new standards and leaves a lasting impression, the concept study presenting brand-new options in expressing sportiness and modern elegance. Creating a car which combines the dynamic lines of a coupe with the superior power and refined robustness of a BMW X car, BMW is once again entering new terrain in the market segment of all-wheel-drive luxury cars, where the BMW X5 has already shown how dynamic driving qualities may well become a decisive criterion in a new segment. The BMW X3 then added outstanding agility as a further factor for success, and now BMW X6 stands for the ongoing continuation of these priorities.

 

 

 

БМВ Х6

 
БМВ X6 является первым автомобилем в мире, который покажет  функции динамического контроля эффективности направленной стабильности и точности при любых условиях вождения, а также интеллектуальные Xdrive БМВ все полноприводные технологии.БМВ X6 захватывает глаза наблюдателя  своими инновационными сочетаниями дизайна и концепции особенностей. Автомобиль сочетает в себе четыре двери и динамично текущую крышу купе с высокой линией подоконника, мускульными арками колеса, и сильным центром тяжести, помещенным прямо посередине и создание ясной ссылки на технологию с приводом на четыре колеса. Результат - уникальное транспортное средство, ясно представляющее ДНК БМВ X моделей, но интерпретирующее характер такого транспортного средства в уникальной и действительно спортивной манере. Проект BMW X6 является подлинной визуализацией выдающихся ведущих качеств, подтвержденных автомобилем главным образом через интеллектуальную xDrive технологию БМВ, а также динамические характеристики управления.

Уникальный, эстетичный вид: динамическая линия двухместного купе и типичные черты модели БМВ X. Передняя часть БМВ X6 преобладает, подчеркивается в дизайне, четко символизирующем динамические ориентации автомобиля к дороге. Со стороны, в свою очередь, пропорции определенны изящно, короткий передний свес кузова, подчеркивает динамизм автомобиля, длинный выступа в тылу, его продолговатость и гладкий вид.  Длинная линия слияний крышки моторного двигателя гладко и мягко в изящно возрастающие A-столбы,  сужалась ясно и последовательно от B-столбов, взаимодействующих с высокой линией окна, чтобы обеспечить  плоскую графику окон.

Крыша, в свою очередь, течет вниз мягко к тыловой помехе, наконец, продвигаясь в маленьком восходящем совершенствовании колебания, полная линия двухместного купе и в то же самое время оптимизируя аэродинамические качества автомобиля.

Динамично вытянутые боковые линии подчеркивают эстетический эффект этого концепта БМВ X6,впечатляющие присутствия ясно через уникальное сочетание этих линий и элементов дизайна X автомобиля БМВ.