The radzivills

                                                              

                                 

      

            

                             

3. Read these international words and try to guess their meaning:              

Presidium, presentation, medal, museum, memorial complex, project, monu- ment, sculptor, laureate, architect, organization, specialist, inauguration, legend- ary, poem, moment, aggression, secretary, museum, patriotic, tradition, eparchy, territory.                                                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                           

4. Read the following words and phrases and try to memorize them:          

 

feat (n)	[fi:t]	подвиг
defender (n)	[di' fends]	защитник
decree (n)	[di'kri:]	декрет, указ
perpetual deposit	[pa'petjusl di'pDZit]	пожизненный вклад
enactment (n)	[m'asktmant]	указ
erect (v)	[1'rekt]	воздвигать, возводить
dedicate (v)	['dedikeit]	посвящать
integrate (v)	['mtigreit]	составлять целое, интегрировать
immortalize (v)	[i'm:>:traiz]	увековечить
overture (n)	['auvatjua]	увертюра
reinforced-concrete (n)	[;ri:m'fo:st 'krjnkrirt]	железобетон
vault (n)	[va:lt]	свод
roar (n)	[гэ:]	рычание
deafening howling	['defnin 'hauhn]	оглушающее завывание
shell (n)	[Pel]	артиллерийский снаряд
treacherous (adj)	['tretfarss]	предательский
troop (n)	[tru:p]	войско
titanium-coated bayonet obelisk	[tai'temjsm     'ksutid                      'beianit'Dbihsk]	покрытый титаном обе- лиск-штык
warrior (n)	['wons]	боец, воин
unfolded banner	[An'fddid'Ьазпэ]	развернутое знамя
inflexible resolution	[m'leksabl/reza''lu:Jn]	непоколебимое решение
bas-relief (n)	['baesn'li:f]	барельеф
gravestone (n)	['greivstaun]	надгробный памятник
eternal (adj)	[i:'t3:nl]	вечный
teibute (n)	['tnbjuU]	дань

 

5.  Read these phrasal verbs and expressions several times till you remember them:

to find in— находиться;

to head by smb — возглавлять  кем-л.;

to carve in — вырезать  из;

to count down — отсчитывать;

to present with — награждать  чём-л., преподносить что-л.;

to hand to — относить к чему-л.

6. Match the English words with their Russian equivalents:

 

1. award 2. creative 3. enterprise 4. search 5. generation  6. legendary 7. valour  8. metronome 9. exploding 10. announcer 11. against  12. support 13. bravery 14. indifferent

а. поиск b. доблесть с. легендарнйй d. взрывающийся е. против f. творческий g. поддержка h. поколение i. храбрость j. равнодушный k. премия, награда 1. диктор m. метроном n. предприятие

 

7. Combine the words with the help of the preposition of:

1. feat 2. inauguration 3. name 4. ruins 5. text 6. project 7. history 8. decree 9. symbol 10. popular painter

a. the Presidium b. the BSSR c. the Great Patriotic-war d. memorial complex "Brest fortress-hero" e. military valour and honor f. exploding bombs and shells g. Lenin and State Prizes h. the Mukhavets River i. a warrior j. the governmental message

 

8. Give the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives:

High, ancient, creative, popular, active, treacherous, honorable.

 

9. Give the three forms of the following verbs:

To appreciate, to find, to include, to erect, to participate, to take, to hold, to dedicateTto become, to rise, to hear, Jo can, to read, to play, to begin, to make.

10. Give the plural of:

Fortress, complex, purpose, search, territory, Rero, story, alley, life, courage.

 

11. Write the derivatives of the following words:

Defend, honour, present, create, build, store, legend, origin, peace, step.

 

12. These words can be used both as verbs and nouns. Make up your own-sentences to show the difference in their usage:

Place, name, head, search, support, award, count, roar, struggle, coat.

 

13. Read these expressions and find their English equivalents in the text:   

Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР; медаль "Золотая Звезда"; творческая группа; проект памятника, возглавлять кем-л.; утренняя встреча; стать поддержкой и близким другом выжившим; главный вход; увертюра скульптурной поэмы; отсчитывать последние мирные мгновения; взрывающиеся бомбы; войска фашистской Германии; барельеф; Вечный огонь; Герой Советского Союза; отдавать дань погибшим и живым; священная земля; новобрачные; литургия; студенческий билет; День Победы; память о прошлом.

                                                                                                                                                          

14. Read the text and get ready to speak about Brest fortress:

 

BREST FORTRESS-HERO:

A UNIQUE MEMORIAL COMPLEX

The people highly appreciated the feat of the defenders of Brest fortress. By; decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 8 May 1965 Brest; fortress was awarded the honorary title "Fortress-hero" with the presentation ofj the Lenin order and the medal "Gold Star", which were placed on perpetual deposit m the musemn of the memorial complex.

By enactment of the Council of Ministers of the BSSR a creative group was founded in 1967 with the purpose of developing the project of the monument. It was headed by sculptor Aleksandr Pavlovich Kibal-; nikov, a laureate of the Lenin and State Prizes of thei USSR, a popular painter of the USSR. The creative! group included: V. Korol, a popular architect of the? USSR; sculptor A. Bembel, a popular painter of the BSSR; V. Zankovich, a laureate of the Lenin Prize; architect O. Stakhovich, a laureate of the State Prize;? architect G. Sysoyev, a laureate of the State Prize of the BSSR; sculptor V. Bobyl; architects V. Volchek? and Yu. Kazakov.   

25 building and construction organizations sent their best specialists to erect the memorial. The collectives of Brest enterprises, organisations and educational institutions participated actively in the construction of the memorial complex.

The morning meeting took place in the fortress on 18 September 1971.

The inauguration of the memorial complex "Brest fortress-hero" was held on 25 September 1971. One of the honorable visitors was writer Sergey Sergeyevich Smirnov, who had dedicated more than 10 years of his life to the search of fortress defenders. He had restored the names of the dead heroes for history, and become a support and close friend of the survivors. For the book "Brest fortress", which rose several generations of readers, S.S. Smirnov was awarded with the Lenin Prize.

The integrated architectural and artistic complex, which immortalized the legendary but true story of the heroes of Brest fortress, represents ruins of the .old-fortress, battle spots, and monumental sculptural compositions.

The Main Entrance has become an original overture to the sculptural poem. A five-point star, a symbol of military valour and пошну looks as if it is carved in a reinforced-concrete block. Sounds of the metronome counting down the last peaceful moments are heard under the vaults of the Main Entrance. Then one can hear the increasing roar of the approaching bombers; the deafening howling and thunder of exploding bombs and shells; the song "The Sacred War" by A. Aleksan-drov is played; announcer Yu. Levitan reads the text of the governmental message on the occasion of the treacherous aggression of the troops of fascist Germany. against the Soviet Union.                                                                         

The central alley leads to the Citadel. The sculptural composition "Thirst" symbolizing thirst for life, struggle and victory is erected to the left of the bridge on the bank of the Mukhavets River. Ceremonial Square begins from the ruins of the White Palace. The 100-m titanium-coated bayonet obelisk, a symbol of military bravery, can be seen from afar. The Main monument 31.5 rri in height and 50 m in width, made of reinforced concrete, towers over the ruins of the former Engineering Board. In the severe stare of a warrior, who looks as if he is stepping forth from an unfolded banner, one can see sorrow at his dead comrades, enormous will-power, courage and inflexible resolution to stand to the bitter end. On the backside of the monument one can find bas-reliefs representing the most important episodes of the fortress defense.                                        

Three tiers of granite gravestones are situated inthe centre of the architectural complex. The remains of 962 people who died in the fortress lie under them. The names of 269 fortress defenders and members of their families are written on the gravestones. The others are mentioned as "unknown".                                     

Eternal flame is burning in front of the rains of the former Engineering Board. P. M. Masherov, first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist party of Byelorussia, a Hero of the Soviet Union, lit the eternal flame on the day of the inauguration. A memorial area of the cities-heroes was laid near the eternal flame on May 1985.                                                                                      

During the years of the museum and the memorial the fortress has become

a centre of military and patriotic upbringing. Many good traditions have been formed there. Memorial groups from schools and vocational schools of the city keep honorable watch on the Memory Post. Every year on the Victory Day of 9 May people gather to pay the tribute to the dead and living participants of the Great Patriotic War. Young soldiers of Brest garrison swear on the sacred ground of the fortress. Newly wedded couples bring flowers to the fortress on the wedding day. On 1 September students are presented with student cards in Ceremonial Square.                                                                                

St. Nicholas' church, which was handed to Brest/Kobrin eparchy in 1994, is situated on the territory of the fortress. Sjnce September 1995 Orthodox believers

have been coming to find spiritual satisfaction there. Requiem liturgies are chanted

yearly on 22 June to honor those who died on that territory. Works on the general

overhaul and restoration of the memorial complex and the temple are going on.   

People of all ages, convictions and trades come to the fortress, and few of them remain indifferent, and few of them are not shocked at what4hey can see or hear there. In opening pages of the history of the Great Patriotic war for the young generation, Brest fortress and its defenders have tenderly kept the memory of the past during all those years and helped treat the present with wisdom and responsibility.                                                                                        

 

15. Answer the following questions:                                                     

1. When was Brest Fortress awarded with the honorary title "Fortress-hero" 2. When was a creative group founded, what purpose did it have? 3. Who were in the creative group and who were the head of it? 4. How many building and со struction organizations sent their best specialists to erect the memorial? 5. Whef did the morning meeting take place? 6. When did the inauguration of the memoriajj complex take place? 7. Who was its honorable visitor? 8. What book did he write 9. How did the memorial complex look like? 10. How did the Main Entrance tootfi like? 11. Where does the central alley lead? 12. What can we see on the backside f the monument? 13. What can we see in the centre of the architectural complex? 14. What is written on the gravestones? 15. Where is the eternal flame burning? 16. Who lit the eternal flame? 17. What traditions are popular in Brest Fortress-aero? 18. Where is St. Nicholas' church situated? 19. When requiem liturgies are chanted there? 20. Do people come to the fortress? 21. What do they usually feel there?

 

16. Agree or disagree with the following statements:

1. The people highly appreciated the feat of the defenders of Brest fortress. 2. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 15 May 1957, Brest fortress was awarded with the honorary title "Fortress-hero" with the presentation of the Lenin order and the medal "Gold Star", which were placed on perpetual deposit in the museum of the memorial complex. 3. By enactment of the Council of Ministers of the BSSR a creative group was founded in 1959 with the purpose of developing the project of the monument. 4. 28 building and construction organizations sent their best specialists to erect the memorial. 5. The morning meeting took place in the fortress on 19 September 1963. 6. The inauguration of the memorial complex "Brest fortress-hero" was held on 25 September 1971. 7. One of the honorable visitors was writer V. Zankovich, who had dedicated more than 12 years of his life to the search of fortress defenders. 8. The central alley leads to the Mukhavets River. 9. Ceremonial Square begins from the ruins of the Black , Palace. 10. On the backside of the monument one can find bas-reliefs representing the most important episodes of the fortress defense. 1 f. Three tiers of granite gravestones,are situated in the suburb of the architectural complex. 12. P. M. Masherov, first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist party of Byelorussia, a Hero of the Soviet Union, lit the eternal flame on the day of the inauguration. 13. During the years of the museum and the memorial the fortress has become a centre of military and patriotic upbringing. Many good traditions have been formed there. 14. Every year on the Victory Day of 9 May people gather to pay the tribute to the dead and living participants of the Great Patriotic War. 15. Requiem liturgies are chanted yearly on 13 June to honor those who died on that territory. 16. People of all ages, convictions and trades come to the fortress, and few of them remain indifferent, and few of them are not shocked at what they can see or hear there.

17. Put the right prepositions where necessary:

1. ... enactment of the Council of Ministers of the BSSR a creative group was founded ... 1967 ... the purpose of developing the project of the monument. 2. The inauguration of the memorial complex "Brest fortress-hero" was held ... 25 September 1971. 3. The Main Entrance has become an original overture ... the sculptural poem. 4. Sounds of the metronome counting ... the last peaceful moments are heard ... the vaults of the Main Entrance. 5. The central alley leads ... the Citadel. 6. The sculptural composition "Thirst" symbolizing thirst ... life, struggle and victory is erected ... the left of the bridge ... the bank of the Mukha-

vets River. 7. Eternal flame is burning..........the ruins of the former Engineering Board. 8. Memorial groups ... schools and vocational schools of the city keep; honorable watch ... the Memory Post. 9. Newly wedded couples bring flowers ... the fortress ... the wedding day. 10. St. Nicholas' church, which was handed ... Brest/Kobrin eparchy ... 1994, is situated ... the territory of the fortress. 11.... opening pages of the history of the Great patriotic war for the young generation, Brest fortress and its defenders have tenderly kept the memory of the past... all those years and helped treat the present... wisdom and responsibility.

 

18. Choose a word from the box to put into each gap:

1. The people highly appreciated the ... of the defenders of Brest fortress. 2. The collectives of Brest enterprises, organisations and educational institutions participated actively in the construction of the.......3. The ... of the'memorial complex "Brest fortress-hero" was held on 25 September 1971. 4. For the book "Brest fortress", which rose several generations of readers, S.S. Smirnov was awarded with the.......5. The Main Entrance has become an original ... to the sculptural poem. 6. A......, a symbol of military Valour and honor, looks, as if it is carved in a reinforced-concrete block. 7. Three tiers of granite ... are situated in the centre of the architectural complex. 8. Eternal flame is burning in front of the ruins of the former.......9. St. Nicholas' church, which was handed to Brest/Kobrin ... in 1994, is situated on the territory of the fortress. 10. On 1 September students are presented with......in Ceremonial Square.

 

inauguration, student cards, overture, gravestones, feat, Lenin prize, five-point star, eparchy, Engineering Board, memorial complex

 

 

19. Fill in the table:

 

8May 1965
1967
18 September 1971
25 September 1971
9 May 1985
1994
September 1995
22 June

       

20. Work in groups. Find out from your partners:

— what they know about Brest Fortress-hero;

— what Brest fortress-hero represented;

— what constructions it has on its territory..

 

21. Comment on:

— preparation to the building of the fortress;

— the quantity of the most popular and talented people of Belarus which participated in its building;

— different traditions which are connected with Brest Fortress-hero.

 

22. Prove that:

— Brest Fortress-hero is one of the most important, big and famous memorial complex in the Republic of Belarus;

— the inauguration of the fortress was held on the highest governmental level.

 

23. Imagine that:

— You are preparing a report about Belarusian architecture. You do not have snough information. You go to the library and ask the librarian to help you. Role-play a dialogue with your partner.