The radzivills

— You are a teacher of history and you work at one of the schools. Your administration is going to send you to Brest to gather some information about Brest Fortress-herd. You should take part in the historical seminar in Brest. What are you" going to ask the representatives of Brest schools?

— You are a student of the historical department. You are writing about the history of Belarusian memorial complexes. What do you already, know?

— Your pen-friend from abroad comes to visit you; He (she) wants to know something about Brest Fortress-hero. Role-play a dialogue with your partner.

 

24. Comprehension check. Choose the best alternative according to the text:

1. By enactment of the Council of Ministers of the BSSR a creative group was

a) formed in 1965 with the purpose of reconstruction of the memorial complex Brest Fortress;

b) founded in 1967 with the purpose of developing the project of a monument;

c) gathered in 1954 with the purpose of building the memorial complex in Brest.

 

2. The inauguration of the memorial complex "Brest fortress-hero" was held on

a) 23 November 1983;

b)  12 September 1971;                    

c) 25 September 1971.

 

3.  The integrated architectural and artistic complex, which immortalized the legendary but true story of the heroes of Brest fortress, represents

a) the ruins of the old fortress, battle spots, and monumental sculptural compositions;

b) tfie ancient walls of the old fortress, cathedrals, and architectural constructions;

c) modern buildings, battle spots, and monumental sculptural compositions.

 

4.  The sculptural composition "Thirst" symbolizes thirst for

a) food and water and is erected to the right to the bridge On the bank of the Dvina River;

b) life, struggle and victory is erected to the left of the bridge on the bank of the Mukhavets River;

c) peaceful life and happy childhood is erected near St. Nicholas' church.

 

5.  On the backside of the monument one can find

a)  bas-reliefs representing the most important episodes of the fortress defense;

b) sculptures of the well-known heroes of the war and the eternal flame;

c) architectural constructions, St. Nicholas' church and communal grave.

 

6.  Three tiers of granite gravestones are situated in

a) the suburb of the memorial complex;

b) the western part of the memorial complex near the eternal flame;

c) the centre of the architectural complex.

 

7. P. M. Masherov, first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist party of Byelorussia, a Hero of the Soviet Union,

a) came to Brest on the day of the inauguration and pronounce a speech;

b) lit the eternal flame on the day of the inauguration;

c) sent a letter which was read on the day of the inauguration.

 

8. During the years of the museum and the memorial the fortress has become a centre of

a) historical seminars and meeting of historians from all over the world;

b) militian and patriotic upbringing;

c) military and patriotic upbringing.

 

 

9. On 1 September students are presented with

a) diplomas near the communal grave;

b) student cards in Ceremonial Square;

c) presents in St. Nicholas'church.

 

10. Newly wedded couples bring flowers to the fortress on

a) the wedding day;

b) the Victory Day;

c) the Mother's Day.

 

11. Young soldiers of Brest garrison swear on the sacred ground of

a) the fortress;             

b) the Main Entrance;

c) St. Nicholas' church.

 

12. Since September 1995 Orthodox believers have been coming to St. Nicholas' church to find

a) peace and relaxation;

b) understanding and love;

c) spiritual satisfaction.

 

13. Every year on the Victory Day of 9 May people gather to pay the tribute to the

a) every fourth victim of the World War Two and to their relatives;

b) Heroes of the Soviet Union;

c) dead and living participants of the Great Patriotic War.

 

14. Requiem liturgies are chanted yearly on 22 June to honor those           

a) who were killed during the war near Brest;

b) who died in that territory;

c) all the victims of the war who were killed and tortured in the camps ofdeath.

 

15.  People of all ages, convictions and trades come to the fortress, and few of them remain indifferent, and few of them

a) prefer not to come here because they, do not want to memorize all the horrors of the war;

b) come here to recollect the most difficult years of their life;

c) are not shocked at what they can see or hear there.

 

UNIT XXI

THE TOWN MONUMENT: BRASLAV

 

1. Pay attention to the following words. Pick out sentences with these words from the text and read them out:                                                    

The Catholic Church — католическая церковь, костел;

the Christian Church —православная церковь;

the Pseudo-Gothic style — псевдоготический стиль;

the Pseudo-Russian architectural style — псевдорусский стиль;

the modernist style — Стиль модерн                                                

 

2. Practice saying the following proper names:

 

the  Grand   Duchy   of Lithuania	[чбэ graeh(d) "dAtfi av]	Великое    княжество Литовское
The Zamkovaja Mountain	[ZAmkpvajavmauntm]	Замковая гора
P.A.Sergievich	[sergijevitf]	П. А. Сергиевич
doctor S.T.Narbut	[4 dokta ч narbut]	доктор С. Т. Нарбут
The Lake Drivyaty	[daMeik dnv"jati]	озеро Дривяты
S.I.Selikhanov	[selrhanov]	С. И. Селиханов
"Braslav's lightning"	[fbraslavz Maitnir)]	“Браславские зарницы”

                                                          

3. Read these international words and try to guess their meaning:

Part, history, architectural, territory, museum, private, decoration, ornament, complex, culture, model, ethnographic, interesting, traditions, monument, interval.

 

4. Read the following words and phrases and try to memorize them:

carving (n)	pka: virj]	резьба
ornament  (n)	po:namant]	орнамент
manuscript (n)	[v maenjusknpt]	рукопись
ethnographic exhibit	[e9 n^ograftk Kfzibit]	этнографический экспонат
flax (n)	[flasks]	лён
sample of weaving	[vsa:mpl avv wi: wirj]	образцы ткачества
carver's work on a tree	pka: vazw3: kan a tri:]	резьба по дереву
straw (n)	[stro:]	солома
potter's work	[" pDtaz W3: к]	работа гончаров
national creativity	[" nae/nal kri:ч eitiviti]	национальное твор-во
a lantern (n)	[a x laentan]	фонарь
a crest of a rampart	[э krest av э ' raempa: t]	гребень вершины
in honor (n)	[нюпэ]	в честь
to construct (v)	[takan^strAkt]	возводить
historical data	[his/to: rikal ч delta]	исторические факты
a beacon (n)	[а "bbkan]	маяк
the figured stone	[da " figad stauti leirj]	фигурная каменная
laying		кладка
boulder (n)	[vbai)lda]	булыжник
a figured spike	[a " figad spaik]	фигурный шпиль
a communal grave	[a " krjmjunl grerv]	братская могила
annual festival of	paenjual,      "festaval	ежегодный фестиваль
Amateur national     creativity	av   "aemata   чпазгпэ1 [kri:4 eitiviti]	самодеятельного на-                    родного, творчества

 

5.  Read out these phrasal verbs and expressions several times till you remember them:

to refer to                          — относиться, принадлежать к чему-л.   

to be known by                 — быть известным как кто-л., что-л.

to be rich in                       — быть богатым в чём-л.

to be situated in                 — быть расположенным

to be made of                   — быть сделанным из чего-л.

to get acquainted with       — знакомить с  

to build of                       — построить из

to be carried out               — быть выполненным

to represent in                 — представлять в

to be topped                     — быть увенчанным чем-л.

to differ in                       — различаться чем-л.

according to                    — в соответствии, по некоторым сведениям

 

6. Match the English words and their Russian equivalents:

 

1. century 2. property 3. picturesque   4. ancient  5. a model  6. inhabitant 7. pattern  8. wooden tent 9. suburb  10. fair 11. frequently   12. special solution

а. старинный b. житель с. часто d. деревянный шатер е. собственность f. окраина g. специальный раствор h. макет              . i. узор j. ярмарка k. живописный 1. столетие

 

7. Combine the words with the help of the preposition of:

1. huge quantity 2. a rampart    3.  inhabitants  4. old parts    5. draw the attention 6. the property  7. festival   8. monument 9. the beginning 10. language

a. 14 century b. pseudo-Russian architectural style с.  people d. amateur national creativity e. Braslav's population f. northern and east walls g. picturesque lakes h. all Braslavi. the Zamkovaja Mountain j. grand dukes

 

8. Qive the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives:

Frequently,  peaceful,  grand,  magnificent,  interesting,  old,  remarkable, famous, green, cozy.

 

9. Give the three forms of the following verbs:

To work, to know, to tell, to mean, to build, to make, to stand, to lie, to have, to create, to come, to draw.

 

10. Give the plural of:

Century, hero, inhabitant, suburb, ornament, language, life, fisherman, monument, city, doctor, property, fair.

 

11. Write the derivatives of the following words:

      History, proper, century, create, construct, talent, build, nation.

 

12. These words can be used both as verbs and nouns. Make up your own sentences to show the difference in their usage:

Rich, work, style, place, mean, size.     

                         

13. Give the English equivalents to the following words and phrases:

Быть собственностью великих князей; полная событий история;, живописные озера и великолепие видов и мест; познакомиться; частная усадьба; архитектурная красота; украшения; комплекс материалов; старые времена; изделия, сделанные из льна; традиции и обычаи; самый талантливый и известный браславскийврач; по некоторым заметкам и историческим фактам; вторая часть девятнадцатого столетия; простые булыжники и красный кирпич; католическая церковь; православная церковь; интерьер; усадьбы и земля; замечательные виды; величайшая ценность искусства; множество каменных зданий с элементами стиля модерн; четыре колонны; привлекать внимание людей; известные праздники; очень популярны; далеко от Браслава.              

 

14. Read the text and get ready to speak about Braslav:

 

THE TOWN MONUMENT: BRASLAV

In the beginning of 14th century the city of Braslavi one of the first in the Polotsk ground was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and began to refer Щ Braslav Lithuanian. Some centuries Braslav was the property of grand dukes. This small town has a verjlj ancient and full of events history, it is known noflj only by it's huge quantity of picturesque lakes andj magnificence of views and places, but Braslav is atscte rich in its architectural beauty.                                 

To get acquainted with the history of Braslav’s territory and the town itself is possible in the historicae museum which is situated in the private residence: This building is rather attractive; it is ancient with a lot of decorations such as carving, different kinds of ornament and so on. The complex of manuscripts which is placed here tells us about life, culture, occupation, language of Braslav's population. It is possible to see a model of a fortress here — that stood on the Zamkovaja Mountain during the old times. Ethnographic exhibits are rather interesting, too. Articles made of flax, samples of weaving; carver's work on a tree, pictures and things made of straw, potters' Work make us acquainted with the traditions and the customs of national creativity of Braslav's region. Among them — the hero of the war of 1812 J.P.Kuhryov, famous Belarusian and Lithuanian painter P.A. Sergievich, doctor S.T. Narbut.

Obelisk with a lantern at the top is situated on the crest of the rampart of the Zamkovaja Mountain; it is a monument in honor of Stanislaw Narbut — the most talented and famous Braslav's doctor. The monument to the doctor was constructed after his death on the means collected by inhabitants of all Braslav. According to some notes and historical data, the lantern worked as a beacon some years ago, helping to find the way in a fog to fishermen on the Lake Drivyaty.

Two monuments of cultural architecture of the second half of 19 century are standing near the Zamkovoja Mountain — these are the Catholic Church and the Christian Church. The Catholic Church is built of simple big stones and red bricks, and it has features of the. pseudo-Gothic style. Old parts of northern and eastern walls which have stayed from the old church on which the figured stone laying was kept are used in construction of the Catholic Church now. It was carried out as follows: intervals between the big boulders were covered with a special solution and lay with small stones in various patterns. Such an unusual and very beautiful laying rather frequently meets in Braslav.

The stone Christian Church is a monument of the pseudo-Russian architectural style. The greatest art value is represented in its interior with icons of 17th—18th centuries.