Строительство в экономике Великобритании - преимущества инвестиций

Construction currently employs many lower skilled workers who are typically most vulnerable at times of recession

Construction employment is particularly significant to many regional and local economies

Comparing regional employment data highlights the significance of construction output to many local economies - 60%

of the GB construction workforce is in regions where unemployment is higher than average or would be in the absence

of construction

Government funded and / or government influenced projects represent a large proportion of pipeline regional

construction

2UK Contractors Group.  Construction in the UK economy. 19

Growth in UK workforce by industry (CAGR)

(1993-08)

Note: * Workforce numbers include sole proprietorships, but exclude professional construction services such as architects and surveyors,

and workforce in the construction products sector; ** Other services include other professional services, e.g., marketing

Source: ONS

0 3 12 16 20 24 28 2

(2.0)

(2.5)

2.5

(3.0)

(0.5)

Percent

0.5

(1.0)

2.0

3.0

1.5

1.0

0.0

Workforce, millions (2008)

84

(1.5)

UK total workforce CAGR

Agriculture, Forestry,

Fishing & Hunting

Manufacturing

Mining, Energy & Water

Distribution, Hotels &

Restaurants and Repair

of Motor Vehicles

Transport, Storage &

Communication

Construction*

Public Administration,

Education and Health

Other

Business Services**

Financial Intermediation

and Business Services

Percent

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

90

0

Distribution, Hotels & Restaurants

Manufacturing

Construction*

Other Business Services **

Transport, Storage and Communication

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting

Mining, Energy & Water

UK workforce by industry

(2008)

Banking, Finance &

Insurance and Business

Services

Public Administration,

Education and Health

Construction employs c.8% of the UK workforce, and has been a major contributor

to employment growth

31.7m Construction employment has outperformed other traditional employment

sectors, such as manufacturing (2.1)%

and agriculture (1.5)%

Contribution to employmentUK Contractors Group.  Construction in the UK economy. 20

Total workforce by GVA by industry

(2008)

Construction*

Distribution, hotels,

Catering

and Repair of Motor

Vehicles

Financial

intermediation and

Business Services

Manufacturing

Transport, Storage &

Communication

Agriculture, Forestry

& Fishing

Mining, Electricity,

Water and Gas

Employees / £100,000 GVA

0.5

5.0

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

0 300 600 900

4.5

GVA (billions of pounds)

0.0

1.0

1.5

1,200

2.84

Very small sector

Hard to stimulate economic activity

Most effective stimulation of employment

Due to its labour intensity, additional spending on construction output can

generate more employment opportunities than other sectors that have recently

received significant government support

Workforce per GVA gives a measure of

the level of labour intensity for a given

sector

- the larger the number of

employees per value of output,

the more work opportunities are

generated for a given level of

output

Construction has a relatively high

workforce to GVA ratio, which implies

that it is relatively labour intensive

Construction is more labour intensive

than other candidates for government

support

- c. 40% higher than

manufacturing, given the capital

intensity of manufacturing

- c. 75% higher than business

services and finance, reflecting

higher salaries in those sectors

Note: * Workforce numbers include sole proprietorships, but exclude professional construction services such as architects, surveyors and

construction products workforce

Source: ONS

+40%

+75%

Contribution to employmentUK Contractors Group.  Construction in the UK economy. 21

Construction currently employs many lower skilled workers who are typically most

vulnerable at times of recession

Construction workforce* split by skill level

(2009)

Note: * Includes architects, civil engineers, surveyors and other construction professionals and technical staff, excluding workforce in

construction products

Source: Construction Skills Network; eGovmonitor; The Work Foundation

Percent

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

100

0

UK construction

workforce (2009)

2.6m

Construction* employs c. 8% of UK workers, from

highly skilled professionals through to lower skilled

workers

Lower skilled workers (trades and operatives) represent

c. 63% of the UK construction workforce

- this varies by region, with Northern Ireland (75%)

and the North East (72%) having the largest

proportion of lower skilled workers

- across all regions, lower skilled workers represent

more than 55% of the regional construction

workforce

Lower skilled workers are vulnerable at times of recession

“…People with higher skill levels are more resilient to economic

shocks and more able to take advantage of opportunities that

arise whilst those with fewer or non-transferable skills are

much more vulnerable and have access to far fewer

opportunities  …”

The Work Foundation, July 2009

Construction participates in a number of key initiatives to

bring young people into the workforce and to enhance

skills, training over 70,000 people through

apprenticeships in the period 2007-9

Trades, operatives and labourers

Construction managers

Surveyors and architects

Civil engineers and technical staff

White collar management

and I.T.

Contribution to employmentUK Contractors Group.  Construction in the UK economy. 22

Construction employment is particularly significant to many regional and local

economies

Whilst all regions would suffer adverse employment consequences of reduced construction activity,

some will be harder hit than others

In particular, it is possible to identify the different local authority areas where:

- construction jobs are responsible for a below average rate of unemployment;

- the construction sector is stronger than the local non-construction economy and is therefore creating

employment opportunities in regions of high unemployment; and

- unemployment is above average due to a lack of construction demand and therefore few available

construction jobs

The analysis on the following pages identifies and locates these important areas

Contribution to employmentUK Contractors Group.  Construction in the UK economy. 23

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Comparing regional employment data highlights the significance of construction

output to many local economies

Source: ONS Annual Population Survey (Jan 2008-Dec 2008); ONS Annual Business Inquiry employee analysis (2007); L.E.K. analysis

Construction is

responsible for above

average employment

C

Construction is weak but

the general economy is

weaker

A

D

E

The economy is strong

and unemployment is low

Employment is below

average, but construction

is over-delivering jobs

compared to average

Lack of construction

demand is to blame for

above average

unemployment

Construction employees as a percentage

of total employees by local authority

vs unemployment percentage

Percentage of construction employees

National average

Percentage unemployed

General

employment is

stronger than

average

National average

B

The chart creates a framework where

each local authority area can be

plotted against its level of

unemployment and the proportion of

its employment in construction, and be

compared with the national averages

- areas plotted towards the left

have less unemployment and

areas plotted towards the top

have greater dependency on

construction jobs

In addition, a line representing

constant non-construction employment

at the national average has been

added (i.e., it represents the situation

where the change in construction

employment from the national average

equals the change in unemployment

from the national average) which

highlights the areas that enjoyed

below-average unemployment due to

construction jobs and that suffer

above-average unemployment due to

a lack of local construction demand

Relative local authority area

employment characteristics

General

employment is

weaker than

average

Contribution to employmentUK Contractors Group.  Construction in the UK economy. 24

The economy is strong

and unemployment is

low (40%)

Construction is

responsible for above

average employment

(15%)

Employment is below

average, but construction is

over-delivering jobs

compared to average (18%)

Construction is weak but the

general economy is weaker

(17%)

Lack of construction

demand is to blame for

above average

unemployment (11%)

Blackburn

Blackpool

Bradford

Brighton and Hove

Burnley

Corby

Easington

Merthyr Tydfil

Newport

Norwich

Peterborough

Slough

Amber Valley

Carmarthenshire

Castle Morpeth

Clackmannanshire

Congleton

East Renfrewshire

Gedling

Havering

Hertsmere

Maldon

Mid Suffolk

Midlothian

New Forest

North Cornwall

North East Derbyshire

North Warwickshire

Oswestry

Pembrokeshire

Renfrewshire

Rossendale

Rugby

Sevenoaks

South Ribble

Stockport

Tamworth

Teesdale

Torridge

West Lothian

C

B

A

D

E

Source: ONS Annual Population Survey (Jan 2008-Dec 2008); ONS Annual Business Inquiry employee analysis (2007); L.E.K. analysis

Wirral

E

B

Percent of economically

active population in GB(30m)

Key: (%) =

Examples

These areas suffer above-average unemployment due to a lack of

construction demand

Examples

Lancaster

Nuneaton and Bedworth

Portsmouth

Southampton

60% of the GB workforce is in local authority areas where unemployment is higher

than average or would be in the absence of construction

These areas enjoy below-average unemployment due to construction jobs

Contribution to employmentUK Contractors Group.  Construction in the UK economy. 25

Planned government and / or government

influenced projects (as of July 2009)

Billions of pounds

Source: Construction Skills Network / Glenigan; L.E.K. analysis

Government funded and / or government influenced projects represent a large

proportion of pipeline regional construction

62 91 68 48 55 51 63 57 46 50 37 46

Government

as a % of total

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Greater London

Wales

East of England

Scotland

Yorkshire & The Humber

North West

West Midlands

South West

South East

East Midlands

North East

Northern Ireland

Medical & Scientific

Education

Community & Amenity

Utilities

Infrastructure

Government and government influenced

projects represent a significant proportion

of regional construction, especially in

Wales, Greater London, East of England

and the West Midlands

Reduction in, or cancellation of,

government projects would have a

significant detrimental effect on regional

construction

Reduction in government construction

spend could therefore result in a significant

loss in employment opportunities for the

local workforce.  This is especially true for

lower skilled male workers because other

sectors that traditionally employ them,

such as manufacturing, are expected to

reduce employment significantly

Contribution to employmentUK Contractors Group.  Construction in the UK economy. 26

Construction is investment that provides long-term social and economic

benefits

Benefits of investment in construction