Выбор оптимального варианта отфрахтования судна и составление проекта чартера

На основе полученных расчетов по каждой выбранной оферте производим отбор оптимальной оферты. Для этого сделаем графики, по которым можно будет выполнить сравнительный анализ основных экономических показателей.

 

 

 

 

Обоснование выбора оптимальной оферты

Выбор оптимальной  оферты целесообразно производить по наиболее значительным экономическим показателям, причём рассматривать их необходимо в комплексе, а не по отдельности. Так, например, такие показатели как доходы и расходы, будь то инвалютные или приведённые сами по себе, мало о чём говорят, тогда как финансовый результат характеризует оба предыдущих показателя. Он показывает превышают ли доходы расходы или наоборот, указывая величину превышения.

Итак, наиболее высокий финансовый результат отмечен  в оферте № 39, который равен –149177,17$. Так же по этой же оферте самая большая прибыль и сумма фрахта 149916,47$ и 427815,87$, соответственно.. А ТЧЭ по 39 оферте равен 5141,006 меньше чем в плановом ТЧЭ(7500)  это означает что судно не довыполнило план. В офертах №40 и №61 наблюдается отрицательная прибыль от эксплуатации и финансовый результат. Это означает что эти оферты не эффективны для работы судна.

Сравнивая оставшиеся оферты №22 и №23 наиболее эффективная  является оферта №22 которой финансовый результат составляет 124681,16 $,а прибыль от эксплуатации 125420,46. А ТЧЭ составляет 7495,4$ это означает что судно не довыполнит план на 4,6$

 

Мы знаем, что  главной целью любой коммерческой деятельности, в том числе и  перевозки груза, является получение прибыли. Но кроме  самой величины прибыли необходимо учитывать, за какой период времени она была получена. Комплексным показателем, учитывающим оба эти параметра (экономический и временной) является тайм-чартерный эквивалент. Он показывает, сколько прибыли получает судно за 1 сутки рейса.

На основании  приведенных выше показателей делаем вывод, что оферта № 22 является самой приемлемой.  И поэтому по условиям именно этой оферты составляем чартер на рейс Новороссийск – Таранто –удобрения (20573т.).

Анализ  выполнения плана работы судов при работе по оптимальной оферте

;   (31)

где  rбр – процент брокерской комиссии.

 

 

Оферта № 1 : f =( 7500*42,93+253295)/20573*(1-4,5/100)=29,27 т/$

åFинв.=29,27*20573-0,045*29,27*20573=575073,99 

ТЧЭ=(575073,99-253295)/42,93=7495,4$/сут

Оферта № 2 : f = ( 7500*34,77+247797,8)/19950*(1-4,5/100)=26,69 т/$

åFинв.= 26,69 *19950-0,045*26,69 *19950=508504,6 

ТЧЭ=(508504,6-247797,8)/34,77=7498,039$/сут

Оферта № 3 : f =( 7500*35,76+249681,2)/22287,3*(1-4,5/100)=22,1 т/$

åFинв.= 22,1 *22287,3-0,045*22,1 *22287,3=470384,6

ТЧЭ=(470384,6-249681,2)/42,93=5141,006$/сут

Оферта № 4 : f =( 7500*37,59+293911,8)/20642,2*(1-4,5/100)=26,64 т/$

åFинв.= 26,64 *20642,2-0,045*26,64 *20642,2=525162,3 

ТЧЭ=(525162,3-293911,8)/37,59=6151,915$/сут

В оферте №5 ТЧЭ (10131,7) превышает плановый ТЧЭ (7500)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Раздел 8. Составление проекта чартера

Используя реквизиты  оптимальной оферты, рассматривалась  наливная группа чартеров, на основе которых впоследствии составлялся чартер.

Далее в отобранной группе сравнивались вторые части чартеров по статьям и обосновывался выбор лучшего с позиции судовладельца.

 Проформа  лучшего чартера заполняется  в соответствии с исходными  данными оптимальной оферты  ( на англ. языке ).

TANKER  VOYAGE   CHARTER  PARTY

Skigda                                                            14th September  2006

---------------------------                                                 --------------------

          Place                                                                               Date

                                             PREAMBLE

IT IS THIS DAY MUTUALLY AGREED between____NOVOROSSIISK          SHIPPING        COMPANY_- NOVOROSSIYSK__

Owner (hereinafter called the “Owner”) of the_________                                         (hereinafter called  the  “Vessel”), and__________________CONST LTD  (hereinafter called the “Charterer”), that the transportation herein provided for will be performed subject to the terms and conditions of this Charter Party, which includes the Preamble and Part I  and Part II. In the event of a conflict, the provisions of Part I will prevail over those contained in Part II .

PART I

A. Description and Position :

Deadweight:________55870                __Metric Tons 

___       in draft in salt water on assigned summer freeboard

Capacity for cargo:___ 49000________tons 

____10____% more or less, Vessel’s option.

Classed:________ ______Coiled_____________

Last two cargoes:________      oil___________________

Now:__________________gruid oil_______________Expected ready:____

B: Laydays:_____16.09__

Cancelling:______24.9__

C. Loading port(s):__________Bizerte_         ____

D. Discharging port(s):_______Ravena_________

E.Cargo:_______________    _gruid oil ____________________

Charterer’s option

F. Freight Rate:____________10.1$  per tonn___________

G. Freight Payable to:_______________________________

H. Total Laytime in Running Hours:____________________

J. Demurrage per Day:_____10000_____________________                           

K. Commission of___________3.75______% is payable by Owner to__

on the actual amount of freight, when and as freight is paid.

L,Special Provisions:____________________________________

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Charterer, consisting of

a Preamble, Parts I and  II, to be executed in duplicate as of the day and year

first above written.

                                                                          Owner

Witness:                  By:                                  

                                                                       Charterer

Witness:                  By: 

PART 2

1.WARRANTY

(a) The Owners shall, before and at the commencement   of the voyage, exercise due diligence to make the Vessel seaworthy, properly manned, equipped, and supplied for and during the voy able expense; otherwise, Owner has the option of cancelling this Charter in which case no responsibility shall rest with the Vessel, Owners, or Agents.

 

Статья взята из проформы VEGOILVOY, так как именно в этой проформе наиболее четко сформулированы обязанности судовладельца по отношению к судну. В статье подразумевается, что если танк или танки при испытании оказывается неисправным, судовладелец обязуется произвести ремонт с тем условием, что ремонт может быть произведен в течение 24 ч и по разумной цене.

В других сравниваемых чартерах таких оговорок нет.

 

2 VOYAGE

The vessel shall proceed with all convenient despatch as soon as her prior commitments, as specified in Part I are completed, to a berth, dock, anchorage, submarine line, alongside a lighter or lighters or any other plase as ordered by Charterers within the limits specified in Part I, or so near thereto as she may safely get, lie and depart from, and there load, always afloat, the cargo as described in Part I and being so loaded shall proceed as ordered on signing bills of lading direct to a berth, lock, anchorage, submarine line, alongside a lighter or lighters or any other place as ordered by Charterers within the limits specified in Part I or so near thereto as she may safely get and lie, and there deliver the cargo always afloat. Should it appear that the aforesaid conditions for ship and cargo are not fulfilled, the ship shall not be obliged to proceed.Charterers shall exercise due diligence to ascertain that any places to which they order the vessel are sage for the vessel and that she will lie there always afloat. Charterers shall, however, not be deemed to warrant the safety of any place and shall be under no liability in respect thereof except for loss or damage caused by their failure to exercise due diligence as aforesaid.

 

Статья взята из проформы INTERTANKVOY, так как в этом чартере  кроме общих формулировок присутствует оговорка о том, что фрахтователи обязаны гарантировать безопасность любого места. Так же фрахтователи должны предоставить все дополнительное оборудование для перекачки нефти и возместить судовладельцам суммы всех дополнительных страховых премий. Проформы STB VOY, ASBATANKVOY, SHELLVOY таких оговорок не имеют, а в VEGOILVOY такая статья вообще отсутствует.

 

3,E.T.A.

The master shall radio to agents at loading port and to     Charterers at least 72 hours prior  to arrival advising the vessel's approximate date and hour of arrival     

at loading port, failing which Charterers shall be allowed an additional 24 hours under clause   14 hereof.

The  master shall also  radio  to  Charterers  immediately  after  departure from the loading port advising the vessel's expected time of arrival at discharging port or   

point of orders and shall again radio to Charterers 72 hours before the vessel is due at the     discharging port or at point of orders, inboth cases stating also expected draft on even keel.

         The master shall also radio to agents at discharging port at least  72 hours prior to arrival advising   the vessel's approximate date and hour of arrival at discharging port stating also expected draft on even keel, failing which Charterers shall be allowed an additional 24 hours under clause 14 hereof.

Any alteration in expected dates or time of arrival exceeding 12  hours should be advised promptly by wireless to Charterers and agents.    

 

Эта статья взята из проформы чартера ФИНАВОЙ , она похожа во всех  рассматриваемых чартерах.

 

4,Heating of cargo      

Owners undertake thai, if required, the cargo shall be heated up to and maintained at a temperature consistent with clause 1 (e) hereof, on passage to and  whilst at the discharging port or ports in accordance with instructions given by the cargo suppliers at the loading port or ports, or by Charterers prior to loading or, provided Owners have been given  reasonable notice in advance, en route to the discharging port or ports.

 

Эта статья взята из проформы чартера ФИНАВОЙ, в этой проформе по моему мнению наиболее лучше описаны права судовладельца и его обязанности. По сравнению с другими проформами чартеров.

 

5,TOVALOP              

Owners warrant that the vessel is a participating tanker in TOVALOP and will so remain during the currency of this Charter, provided however, that if    

  Owners acquire the right to withdraw from TOVALOP under clause VIII thereof, nothing herein shall  prevent Owners from exercising   ,that right.

When an escape or discharge of oil (the term "oil" for the purposes   of this clause meaning "oil" as defined in TOVALOP) occurs from the vessel and causes or      threatens to cause pollution damage to coastlines, charterers may, at their option, upon notice to Ownersor master, under take such measures as are reasonably necessary to prevent or mitigate such damage, unless Owners promptly undertake same. Charterers shall keep Owners advised of the nature and result of any such measurestaken by them, and if time permits, the nature of the measures    

intended to be taken by them. Any of  the aforementioned measures taken by Charterers shall be deemed  taken on Owners' authority and shall be at Owners' expense except to the extent that:                      

(a)   such escape or discharge was caused or contributed to by    , Charterers, or

(b)   Owners are or would have been exempt from liability for such  

escape or discharge by reason  of   the   exceptions   prescribed   in   Article   111(2), of   the   1969      International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, or                                             

(c)   the  cost  of  such   measures  together with   Owners'   own     reasonable removal costs exceed One

Hundred and Twenty Five US dollars per Gross Registered Ton of the vessel or Ten Million  US dollars (whichever is less) in case the vessel was carrying a     

cargo of oil not owned by Oil Company party to CRISTAL {as such ownership is defined in  CRISTAL and the Rules promulgated thereunder) or in case the Vessel was in ballast, provided always that if Owners in their absolute discretion consider    

said measures should  be discontinued, Owners shall so notify Charterers and thereafter Charterers shall have no right to continue said measures under the provisions of this clause and  further liability to Charterers under this clause shall thereupon cease. The above provisions are not in derogation of such other rights as

Charterers or Owners may have under this Charter, or may otherwise have or acquire by Law or any International Convention.

 

Эта статья взята из проформы чартера ФИНАВОЙ, так как ранее не встречал её других чартерах.

По этой статье четко  определяются права и обязанности  судовладельца и фрахтователя относительно загрязнения нефтью мирового океана. По моему мнению эта статья необходим  для рейса , совершаемого по данной оферте.

 

6,War Risks          

(A) The master shall not be required or bound lo sign Bills of Lading for any blockaded port or  for any port which the master or Owners in his or their discretion consider dangerous or impossible to enter or reach.                                                            

(B)   (i) if any loading or discharging port to which the vessel may  properly be ordered under the provisions of this Charter or Bills of Lading issued pursuant to    

this Charter be blockaded, or if owing to any war, hostilities, warlike operations, civil war, civil commotions, revolutions, or the operation of international law (a) entry to any such loading   or discharging port or the loading or discharging of cargo at any such port be considered by  the master or Owners in his or their  discretion   dangerous  or prohibited  or   (b)   it  be  considered by the master or Owners in his or their discretion dangerous or impossible or prohibited for    

the vessel to reach any such loading or discharging port.                                                      Charterers shall have the right to order the cargo or such part of  it as may be affected to be loaded or discharged at any other loading or discharging port   

within the range of loading or discharging ports respectively established under the provisions of this Charter (provided such other port is not blockaded or that entry thereto or loading or discharging of cargo thereat or reaching the same is not in the master's or Owners' duscretion dangerous or  prohibited), if, in respect of

a discharging port no orders be received from Charterers within 48 hours after they or their agents have received from Owners a request for the nomination of    

a substitute port, Owners shall then be at liberty to discharge the cargo at any port which  they or the master in their or his discretion decide on  (whether within the range of   discharging ports established under the provisions of this Charter or not) and such discharging shall be deemed to be due fulfilment of the contract or contracts of affreigtment so far as cargo so discharged is concerned.                                                                                     

In the event of the cargo being loaded or discharged at any such   other port within the respective range of loading or discharging ports established under    

the provisions of this Charter, this Charter shall be read in respect of freight and all other  conditions whatsoever as if the voyage performed were that originally nominated. However, if the vessel discharges the cargo at a port outside the range of discharging ports established under  he provisions of this Charter,freight shall be paid as for the voyage originally nominated and all  extra expenses involved

in reaching the actual discharging port and/or discharging the   cargo thereat shall be paid by Charterers. In this latter event Owners shall have a lien on the    

cargo for all such extra expenses.                                                                                        (C) The vessel shall have liberty to comply with any directions or    

recommendations as to departure, arrival, routes, pom of cart, stoppages, destinations, zones, waters,   delivery or in any other wise тwhatsoever given by the government the nation under whose flag    the vessel sails or any other

government or local authority including any de facto government or local authority or by any person or body acting or purporting to act as or with authority of    

any such government or authority or by any committee or person having under the terms of   the war risks insurance on the vessel the right to give any such directions or recommendations.  If by reason of or in compliance with any such directions or recommendations, anything   is done or is not done such shall not he deemed a deviation.  If by reason of or in compliance with any such directions or    

recommendations the vessel does  not proceed to the discharging port or ports originally nominated or to which she may have been properly ordered under the provisions of this Charter    or Bills of Lading issued

pursuant to this Charter, the vessel may proceed to any discharging  port which the master or Owners in his or their discretion may decide on and there discharge