Цитация в газетном тексте

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2. Литературный  энциклопедический словарь. – М.: Сов. энциклопедия, 1987. – С. 322, 492.

3. Мюллер В.К. Новый англо-русский словарь. –  М.: Рус. язык, 2000. – 880 с.

4. Русский  язык. Энциклопедия. - М.: Сов. энциклопедия, 1979. – С. 387.

5. Webster’s New World Dictionary . - Webster’s New World, Cleveland & New York, 1988. – 1574 с.

В работе использованы материалы газет “The Sunday Times”, “Financial Times”, “The Independent”, “Российская газета”, “Известия”, “Труд”, “Комсомольская правда”, “Аргументы и факты”.

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ

Схема 1

СТРУКТУРА МАССОВО–ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО ДИСКУРСА

Материалы интерпретационного эксперимента

Текст А

Five of the six branches of the federal network are under privatisation

Maintenance staff at the Novoeste railway had never seen the blue paint on their workshop machinery until the layers of grease and soot accumulated over decades were scraped off last year. Elementary safety measures, such as the hand rails surrounding raised working areas, are just as novel.

“Before privatisation, this place was a catastrophe,” says Mr Eliezer Cesta Croce, workshop manager.

A 30-year concession to operate the railway – formerly the eastern branch of RFFSA, the federal network, based in Bauru in the interior of Sao Paulo state – was sold in April 1996 to a consortium led by the Noel Group of the US.

The privatisation of the railways is a central part of a big, two-year privatisation push by the Brazilian government, which aims to raise $10bn this year alone. It covers telecoms, the electrical energy sector, transport and mining. Analysts reckon the total value of the next two years could be as high as $60bn.

The effect the government is hoping to achieve – apart from the cash it will raise – is evident at Novoeste.

As well as boosting efficiency in its workshops, where the time taken to service a locomotive has fallen from three or four months to less than two, Novoeste has increased the proportion of locomotives in use from 39 per cent to 70 per cent, while cutting the daily average of locomotive failures from 4.1 to 1.1 and of loaded wagons awaiting movement from 436 to 37.

More significant, says Mr Glenn Michael, chief executive, has been_a change of priorities: "There was nothing wrong with the previous management, but their concern was simply with running a railroad. Nowadays this is a transport company, competing for business with other transporters."

There is a tremendous market ready to be attacked. Despite Brazil’s enormous size, some 56 per cent of freight, including bulk cargoes such as soya, is carried by truck. In the Us, where cargoes and distances are similar but highways and trucks far superior, the figure is 28 per cent.

Five branches of the federal network are now under private management: the sixth and final concession is due to be sold in July.

Mr. Isaac Popoutchi, president of the RFFSA, expects the 9 per cent of Brazil’s freight carried by the network before privatisation to rise to between 15 and 18 per cent in the next six years.

The RFFSA was created when Brazil’s railways were nationalised in 1957. It then employed 150,000 people, and became a source of political patronage – “overbearing, loss-making and hard to control," says Mr. Popoutchi. Staff numbers fell to about 45,000 in 1995 but the network still lost $300m a year.

Текст Б

Hong Kong finds hero in China

Hours after the Hong Kong stock market closed at an all-time high on Friday, China moved to tighten controls over the mainland-backed companies at the forefront of recent rallies.

The new rules, which restrict overseas listings and asset injections from parent companies, will cool a highly speculative sector of the market but is unlikely to drain away all enthusiasm, brokers say.

Beijing acted as Hong Kong’s stock market, preparing to operate under the Chinese flag next week, has seen share prices galloping northwards.

The Hang Seng Index closed Friday at a record 15,154.36 on unprecedented turnover of HK$26.6bn amid speculation that China’s shopping trip among Hong Kong corporates is not over.

For many brokers, the growing influence of China Inc in the Hong Kong stock market and the economic ties with the mainland are reasons enough to classify Asia’s second-biggest market as emerging.

Templeton Franklin Investment Services (Asia) says Hong Kong also lacks a full range of sectors – until the arrival of mainland companies the market was almost exclusively banking, property and light industry - and is very volatile. “But the big thing is, it’s going back to China,” the fund management house says.

As it sits at the crossroads, China is proving the market’s hero – providing liquidity and inspiring investor confidence. The bogeyman is property, the biggest posthandover uncertainty.

“There are two markets: red and blue,” says Mr Archie Hart of BZW Asia.

Most money is chasing the former: the mainland-backed companies, dubbed red chips, have seen share prices rise an average 40 per cent this year. Many have doubled or tripled in value.

But as Mr Hart points out, their share prices have jumped on the back of liquidity, generally from China, and sentiment. Valuation models, he says, might as well incorporate “eye of newt, leg of toad, and web of spider – it’s totally devoid of anything to do with assets or fundamentals”.

Blue chips, in contrast, have performed sluggishly at best and a number of brokerages are now trimming their weightings.

Brokers note that while the Hang Seng Index has risen 13.68 per cent so far this year, much of the gains accrue to HSBC Holdings – which major Asian indices, such as that run by Morgan Stanley, preclude on the basis that it is a US stock. …

Таблица 1

УДЕЛЬНЫЙ ВЕС В АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОМ ГАЗЕТНОМ ТЕКСТЕ ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКИХ ТИПОВ ЦИТАЦИИ

Прагматический тип цитации	Процентное содержание в газетном тексте
Оценочно-экспрессивная цитация	38%
Суггестивная цитация	19%
Фактуализирующая цитация	21%
Персуазивно-аргументативная цитация	22%

Таблица 2

УДЕЛЬНЫЙ ВЕС В РУССКОЯЗЫЧНОМ ГАЗЕТНОМ ТЕКСТЕ ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКИХ ТИПОВ ЦИТАЦИИ

Прагматический тип цитации	Процентное содержание цитации в газетном тексте
Оценочно-экспрессивная цитация	35%
Суггестивная цитация	21%
Фактуализирующая цитация	19%
Персуазивно-аргументативная цитация	25%

Таблица 3

УДЕЛЬНЫЙ ВЕС ЦИТАЦИИ В ГАЗЕТНЫХ ЖАНРАХ

Жанровая группа	Процентное содержание цитации в газетном жанре
Информационные жанры	20%
Аналитические жанры	38%
Художественно-публицистические жанры	42%