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London
The capital city of England and the United Kingdom lies on the River Thames, which winds through the city. Its many bridges are a famous sight. The oldest is London Bridge, originally made of wood but rebuilt in stone in 1217. The most distinctive is Tower Bridge, which was designated to blend in with the nearby Tower of London.
7. Shopping: At a Supermarket
Let us go to one of the big food stores. It has several departments to sell various foodstuffs under one roof. There you can see the bakery department, the grocery department, the confectionery department, etc.
At the confectionery counter you can buy all sorts of sweets, chocolates, cakes, fancy cakes etc. The bakery counter is well stocked with fresh white (wheat) and brown (rye) bread, rings, rolls, buns, rusts etc. After that we come to the grocery department where you buy flour, cereal, tea, spices, sugar (lump, cube and granulated). Everything is sold ready-packed. Vegetable oils are sold ready-bottled. There is also a big dairy counter with a good variety of dairy products: sweet or salted, fresh butter, margarine, eggs, cheese, soft (cottage) cheese, bottled and loose milk, cream, sour cream. Next to it the delicatessen and smoked meats and sausages counter. This counter sells ready-to-serve foods such as roast duck, prepared meat, etc. Here one is offered a variety of sausages, ham, bacon, rolled meat, and smoked pork. There is a special counter where they sell butcher's meat and fowl, lard and other animal fats. A special counter sells frozen and fresh fish. At the greengrocery department you can buy potatoes, carrots, onions, cabbage, green peas, beetroot etc. If you want some fruits you can go to the fruit counter where they sell nuts, jams, fruit juice, tinned fruit, marmalade, dry fruits, berries (in season), grapes, tangerines, oranges, apples, pears, pineapples, peaches, bananas etc. At the smoked fish and caviar counter they keep a wide assortment of smoked fish, herring, caviar, fish delicacies and tinned fish.
Vocabulary
bakery - булочная
white (wheat) - белый, пшеничный
brown (rye) - черный, ржаной
ring - кольцо
roll - булочка
bun - сдобная булочка
rusts - сухари
grocery - бакалея
flour - мука.
cereal - крупа
spices - специи
sugar - сахар
lump - кусок, кусковой (сахар)
cube - рафинированный, в кусочках
granulated - сахар-песок
oil - масло (растительное)
dairy - молочный
butter - масло
margarine - маргарин
eggs - яйца
cheese - сыр
soft (cottage) cheese - творог
bottled milk - молоко в бутылках
loose milk - разливное молоко
sour cream - сметана
confectionery - кондитерский
sweets - конфеты
cakes - торт, кекс, сладкий пирог
fancy cake - пирожное
delicatessen - кулинария
sausage - колбаса
roast - жарить
ham - ветчина
bacon - бекон
rolled meat - мясной рулет
butcher - мясник
fowl - птица, дичь
lard - свиной жир
animal fat - жир (животный)
greengrocery - овощной
potatoes - картофель
carrots - морковь
onions - лук
cabbage - капуста
green peas - зеленый горошек
beetroot - свекла
fruit - фрукты
nuts - орехи
jams - джемы, варенья
juice - сок
tinned fruit – консервированные фрукты
marmalade - густое повидло, джем
dry fruits - сухофрукты
berries - ягоды
grapes - виноград
tangerine - мандарин
orange - апельсин
pear - груша
pineapple - ананас
peach - персик
herring - сельдь
fish delicacies - рыбные продукты
Answer the questions
Translate into English
If we want to buy things, we can go either to specialised shops or large department stores, for example, we buy cloth at a draper’s and ready-made clothes at a dress shop or a department store. The hatter sells men’s hats, but milliner’s sells hats for ladies. The hosiery’s sells hosiery or knitted goods like stockings, socks and underwear.
Those who need paper, pens, ink, rubbers, rulers, notebooks, exercise books, glue can get them at the stationery counter (or at a stationer’s). The haberdashery department has a wide assortment of various goods such as umbrellas, handkerchief combs, toothbrushes, kerchiefs, shawls, purses etc. The perfumery sells lotions, lipsticks, powders, scents, mascara, eau de cologne, shaving creams etc. At a ready-made clothes department you can buy skirts, blouses, trousers, suits, costumes, dresses, overcoats, raincoats etc.
The jewellery department sells jewellery and also things of gold and silver, ornaments (that is candlesticks, vases and other objects). The china department has a large stock of china, porcelain. The household department sells things for your home from nails to gardening-tools, and labour-saving devices for the home. At the electrical appliances department you can buy electric devices, vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, electric stoves, microwave stoves etc.
Nowadays we can buy a lot of things either for cash or on hire-purchase, that is the customer pays the deposit on the goods and pays off the balance in instalments. Payment may be spread over the period of two years. This hire-purchase system helps people to buy such expensive things as, refrigerators, colour and black-and-white TV sets, radio sets, tape-recorders, washing machines, sewing and knitting machines, sets of furniture, and many other things.
Vocabulary
cloth - ткань
draper’s - магазин ткани
ready-made - готовая (одежда)
milliner’s - магазин женскиx шляп
hosiery - трикотаж (чулочно-носочный)
underwear - нижнее белье
glue - клей
stationery - канцелярские товары
haberdashery - галантерея
kerchief - платок
handkerchief - носовой платок
lotion - лосьон
scents - духи
mascara - тушь для ресниц
jewellery - ювелирные изделия
china - фарфор (посуда)
porcelain - фарфор (изделия)
stock - запас, ассортимент
gardening-tools - садовые инструменты
device - приспособление, инструмент
microwave stove - микроволновая печь
cash - наличные деньги
hire-purchase - покупка в кредит
deposit - вклад, взнос
to try on - примерять
instalment - взнос
fitting-room - примерочная комната
cash-desk - касса
shop assistant - продавец
fit - подходить no размеру, сидеть (об одежде)
match - подходить по тону, цвету
suit - подходить, устраивать
become - подходить, быть к лицу
be in fashion - быть в моде
be out of fashion - быть не в моде
run out of smth - истощиться, закончиться
Answer the questions
Now that I am retired from regular work I like doing the shopping. My wife, who has been doing it for many years, sighs and says I shall soon get tired of it, but at present I like looking round the kitchen and writing a list of what we need. The longer the list the better I like it, because then take the car a short distance to the nearest branch of Sainsbury’s, a very popular multiple store (i.e. a store with many branches), where prices are well-known to be usually lower than elsewhere. This is a self-service store, and I take a large wire basket on wheels, like a high baby’s pram, and wheel it down the first avenue of display units.
A packet of butter first (but why do they put butter first when it will get squashed by all other things I’m going to put on top), then a packet of margarine for cooking, and from the right two tins of soup and two packets of dried soup – mushroom and asparagus. I push on among all other basket-pushers and here’s the meat – bacon first, some salami and sliced sausage (all laid in transparent packets) for cold lunches, and now a joint – a shoulder of New Zealand lamb straight out of the deep-freeze. Tins of dog and cat food on the right – no, thank you – and now round the corner and up the next avenue – all the sweet bisquits and cakes the English love. I take a few, but I am rather hard-hearted about sweet things; further on the tea – eight kinds, but I take a packet of the cheapest, and then a jar of instant coffee (absolutely essential). Now on the left all the different kinds of loaf – crisp Vienna and French bread, and this is one of the few places where I can get real rye bread with caraway seeds in it. Also a special-soft, partly-baked rolls in a plastic packet – ordinary bakers’ rolls never stay crisp for long, but you keep these partly-baked ones in the fridge, and then put then in the oven for just 10 minutes to crisp up while you are preparing the rest of breakfast. Breakfast cereals next – Sainsbury’s makes a very good one of their own with dried fruit in it – “Swiss style”- and so into the last avenue for a plastic pack each of potatoes, apples, oranges, tomatoes and a lettuce.
Now I look at my list – soap – where were the soaps and toilet rolls? Someone tells me and I leave my basket unattended and hurry back to collect these items. Now my basket is loaded so high it is almost spilling over and I join one of the eight queues past the cash desks. I unload everything on to the long counter near the cashier. Every article has its price marked on it, she pushes it along as she clocks up the price on her cash register. At the end of the counter I take two large strong bags and load my purchases into them, while a long ribbon of paper coils out of the machine. The cash register automatically totals my bill – “Forty pounds, 24, please”. I pay, and with a heavy bag in each hand, push one of the glass doors marked “Out” – and so get back to my car. I see I have been 25 minutes in the store – rather slow today, but there was so much to look at as well as buy.
Shops and Shopping
For many people in both Britain and the US shopping is a popular leisure activity. Women, especially, may let a shopping trip fill an entire day. People often go window-shopping without intending to buy anything, and may be tempted into buying goods that they do not really need. Other people, especially men, consider shopping tedious.
Two expressions, the customer is king and the customer is always right, show how Americans, and to a lesser extent British people, expect to be treated when they shop. People like to look around freely, touch things and try clothes on. Book stores have comfortable chairs where people can sit and read, and often also a cafe. People expect to have a wide choice of goods, and most stores have several different makes or brands of each item. Price is also important. People look for special offers or wait to buy something in a sale, when the prices of most goods are reduced. Some people cut coupons out of newspapers and magazines to get money off products. Most stores give a high priority to customers' comfort and convenience, because they want to make it easy and fun for them to spend their time and money in the store.
Years ago, every British town had a range of small shops, including a grocer, a butcher, a greengrocer and a newsagent. Many of these specialist shops have gone out of business because large supermarkets or superstores, such as Sainsbury's and Tesco, can charge lower prices. Many supermarkets are on the edge of town and people need a car to get to them. People who do not own a car may find shopping difficult. Some villages still have a post office and general store, and in towns there are usually several corner shops and mini-markets selling food and other items. Petrol stations often have a small shop selling food.
In the US people may drive half an hour or more to a supermarket, and so buy food to last them a long time. Between trips, they buy food at small grocery stores or convenience stores close to where they live. Some are a part of big chains, some are mom-and-pop stores run by a family, others sell oriental or other foreign foods. Convenience stores are more expensive than supermarkets.
In the US many food stores are open 24 hours a day, every day of the week. Others are open until at least 11 p.m. In Britain supermarkets may stay open for 24 hours on some days, but most food shops close at 9 p.m. or earlier.
Many British people buy fruit and vegetables at a market because they are cheaper than in the supermarket. By contrast, food sold in markets in the US is usually more expensive. Many markets also sell clothes and household goods.
In Britain town centre shops are busiest at weekday lunchtimes and on Saturdays. Most of the shops are chain stores or department stores which sell clothes, shoes and things for the home. Prices are fixed, and most items have a price tag attached. Many towns have a covered shopping arcade or precinct, or an out-of-town shopping centre with branches of all the major stores.
Americans used formerly to shop in the downtown areas of cities. In places like New York and Philadelphia there is still plenty of choice in downtown shopping, but elsewhere downtown shops have lost business to shopping malls, which people go to by car. A typical mall has one or more anchor stores, well-known stores which attract people in. The Mall of America in Minnesota is one of the largest, with 400 stores on four levels.
Outlet malls have stores selling products at lower prices than in ordinary stores. The goods may be seconds (= items with a slight fault), or have failed to sell during the previous season. In Britain outlet stores can usually be found in out-of-town shopping villages.
Many people buy second-hand books, clothes, toys and household goods. Most towns have at least one second-hand shop run by a charity, to which people give things they no longer want so that they can be sold to raise money for the charity. Other second-hand shops sell things on behalf of people and give them part of the sale price. People also buy and sell things through the classified advertisements columns in newspapers.
In the US garage sales and yard sales also enable people to sell things they no longer want. Many people make a hobby out of going to garage sales to look for bargains. In Britain car boot sales are equally popular. Sometimes people organize a jumble sale (AmE rummage sale) to raise money for a school or charity.
Mail-order shopping has a long tradition in the US. In the days when people were moving west many people lived a long way from any shops. The solution was the Sears and Roebuck catalogue, a thick book giving descriptions of every kind of product. People sent in their order by mail and the goods arrived the same way. Although Sears stopped producing its catalogue in the 1990s, mail-order shopping is still popular. People can now also browse the products of many companies on the Internet, place an order and pay by credit card. There are several mail-order services in Britain, and shopping on-line, especially for books, is becoming increasingly popular.