Шпаргалка по "Английскому языку"

AT THE POST OFFICE  

The post office has a lot of services. You can buy stamps, postcards, and envelopes there, send a telegram or post a letter from it, and send a money order (or cash a money order). At the post office there are various counters for each  
department. They are Parcel Post, Money Orders, Poste Restante, then Stamps, Post Cards, Registered letters, Air Mail and Book Post.

On one side of the counter, you can see several customers, on the other side — the clerks. Customers are standing at various windows buying stamps, envelopes, postcards, registering letters. Some are sending money orders, others are cashing theirs; a number of people are getting letters to be called for. You can also see people writing telegrams or sending books by book-post and parcels by parcel-post.

If you want to send a parcel or a package, you go to the "Parcel Post" window, hand the parcel to the clerk, who weighs on the scales and gives you necessary stamps. The amount that you have to pay depends of the weight of the parcel. You can send parcels insured and otherwise.

The "Poste Restante" window is for those who prefer to pick up their mail in person.  
A registered letter is a letter, the address of which is, on payment of a special fee, registered in the post office and the transmission and delivery of which are attended to with particular care. Many contracts such as insurance policies and legal documents specify that notification must be in the form of a registered letter. By registering a letter, the sender has a legal document that indicates that the notice was delivered.

At the window marked "Book Post" you can send printed matter (books, magazines, newspapers)  
If you want to send a letter you have to put it into an envelope, write the address and then you can post it. If you want to post an ordinary stamped letter or post a card you needn't go to the post office, you can drop it into the pillar-box.

And a few words about telegrams. There are three types of telegram service: ordinary, urgent, express. As you pay for the word it is advisable to use a special telegraph language which is known as "telegraphese": prepositions and articles are omitted.

Besides, at the post office you may subscribe to different papers, journals and magazines.  

Лексика: 
Письмо до востребования – poste restante = a letter to be called for = general delivery letter

Заказное  письмо – registered letter

Объявленной ценностью или без - insured or otherwise

Вынимать  корреспонденцию – to collect

Получать денежный перевод (посылать) – to cash a money order (to send a money order)

Бандероль – printed matter

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

In modern times, telecommunication typically involves the use of electronic transmitters such as the telephone, television, radio or computer.

Telephone is a most convenient means of communication between people. Whenever we want to speak to somebody, we only need to lift the receiver, dial the number, and if the line is not engaged, we get through and speak to the person we need.  
We are so used to telephone that consider letters and postcards as something outdated and taking too much of our time. Telephone is particularly convenient for disabled people who are confined to their homes. For them this small device is sometimes the only way to talk to their relatives or friends or call ambulance.  
There are different types of phones now. There are rotary phones with a rotary disk, touch tone phones, with buttons instead of a disk, and cordless phones, with no cord connecting the base and the receiver. It is very convenient to fit your telephone with an answering machine: if you don't want to miss any business or private talk when you are out, a  
message will be recorded on the tape. Many people nowadays prefer to equip their telephones with a device that can define automatically the number from which a person is making a call.  
You cannot do business without telephone these days. People are often seen in the streets and in public places with mobile phones which can be carried around.

Mobile phones have had a significant impact on telephone networks. During the last twenty years, the mobile phone has gone from being an expensive item used by the business elite to a personal communications tool for the general population.

Mobile phone subscriptions now outnumber fixed-line subscriptions. Mobile phone has become an essential business and communication tool for everyone. An increasing number of countries, particularly in Europe, now have more mobile phones than people. In many countries most children age 8-9 have mobile phones.

In addition to the standard voice function of a telephone, current mobile phones may support many additional services, and accessories, such as SMS for text messaging, email, access to the Internet, gaming, camera with video recorder and MMS for sending and receiving photos and video, MP3 player, radio and others. Texting is now the most widely used data service.

Sometimes the using of a mobile phone can cause some embarrassing situations: for example, phones ringing during funerals or weddings; in toilets, cinemas and theatres. Some book shops, libraries, bathrooms, cinemas, doctors' offices and places of worship prohibit their use, so that other patrons will not be disturbed by conversations.

The Internet is a worldwide network of computers that can communicate with each other using the Internet Protocol. Any computer on the Internet has a unique IP address that can be used by other computers to route information to it. So the Internet can be seen as an exchange of messages between computers.

Some of the most popular internet telecommunications applications include e-mail, instant messaging, browsing the sites, and the use of various media outlets as well as chat groups. Today just about everyone has at least one e-mail address if not two or three. When the network is not bogged down messages can travel anywhere in the world in a matter of a few seconds or minutes depending on the data and its size. Instant messaging is a common and convenient way to communicate with known individuals in real time. There are plenty of browsers that can be used to navigate the internet; some of the popular ones is Internet Explorer.