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        Grunge, a style of the early 1990s, was based on loose-fitting layers of clothes, often torn or with holes in, and heavy shoes. Jeans remain popular with both men and women.

Fashion is not just about clothes. A person's figure is important, as well as their hairstyle, make-up and accessories. Fashion models are usually thin, and it is often difficult for overweight people to buy fashionable clothes, so many people try to diet to improve their figure.

Some men wear a single earring. Younger people may wear several earrings in one ear, or try body piercing and wear rings in the nose or navel.

12. Clothes and person’s appearance.

When we speak of somebody's appearance, we mean his (her) figure, hands, feet, hair, face. In describing the figure we often mention the build. A man or a woman may be: heavily built, delicately built, well-made. The figure may be: slender or stooping; thin or stout (fat, plump). Plump is mostly used when speaking about a very young person or about a woman. A person may be: tall, short or middle-sized. When speaking of the appearance one should not forget the bearing which may be erect or stooping. The hand, which is at the very end of the arm have five fingers on each hand. This is what we call them: the forefinger (index finger), the middle finger, the ring finger, the little finger and the thumb. The leg - the part of the body from the hip to the ankle. At the  end of the legs we have five toes on each foot. The manner of walking is called the walk (gait). The upper and the lower limbs are attached to the trunk. The head and the neck are poised on the shoulders. The head is covered with hair, which may be: short, long, thin, thick, straight, curly, wavy. According to the fashion women's hair may be: bobbed, shingled, plaited, waved, put up (done in a knot). Women have their hair done in various (hair) styles at the hairdresser's. Men go there to have a shave and have their hair cut and have their beards and moustaches trimmed. Some men lose their hair and go bald. The face may be: square, oval, round, long.The complexion, that is, the color of the skin may be: dark, fair, olive, ruddy. The upper part of the face is the forehead.  The eyes are protected by the eyelids and eyebrows. When we are tired or sleepy, they feel heavy and droop. The eyelids are fringed with eyelashes.The eyes may be different colors and they may be: close-set, wide-set, deep-set, sunken or bulging. The cheeks may be: rosy, pink, red. Old or sick people may have hollow cheeks. Children's cheeks are often chubby. The cheekbones may be: high, prominent, and wide-apart. The nose may be: straight, flat, hooked, and aquiline; a person may be snub-nosed. The parts of the mouth are: the lips — upper and lower, and the teeth.  All the upper and lower teeth together are called a set of teeth.The chin may be: round or protruding, small or large. Stout people often have a double chin. When a woman's face and figure delight us, we say: she's beautiful (handsome, good-looking). We call her a real beauty and about her beauty. The words handsome, good-looking (but not beautiful) are also used of a man. The words attractive and pretty help us to describe a person pleasant to look at. If there is nothing particular in one's appearance, we call it common. To characterize somebody's appearance in a negative way we use the words: plain (Am. homely) or ugly. We say that a person looks his age when he looks neither older nor younger than he is in reality, but if he looks younger or older we say, he looks young (old) for his age. When a person looks younger than he is, we say that he is well preserved. There are a lot of clothes: from the cheap clothes made of artificial materials, up to smart, expensive clothes which not everyone can afford to buy. There are many fashion styles: romantic style, casual style, sport style, classic style, business style, teenage style, exotic style, beach style, city fashion, village fashion, etc. Some people choose their clothes so they can follow the fashion in the music world; the work of others affects the way they dress a great deal. They have. to look good because they deal with business people. The youngsters, who frequently go to night clubs, prefer to wear as little as possible to keep cool. And in the USA some people wear second-hand clothes from jumble sales, partly because they can't afford anything else, but also because it is still quite fashionable. A lot of Americans wear those clothes which they consider to be comfortable, and don't really care what other people think about their clothes.

As for me, it is not very important which style to follow; the main thing is to look tidy, neat and clean.

13.Sports. Fitness

     he British are very fond of sport, but many people prefer to watch rather than take part. Many go to watch football, cricket, etc. at the ground, but many more sit at home and watch sport on television.

Lack of exercise combined with eating too many fatty and sugary foods has meant that many people are becoming too fat). Experts are particularly concerned that children spend a lot of their free time watching television or playing computer games instead of being physically active. In Britain most towns have an amateur football and cricket team, and people also have opportunities to play sports such as tennis and golf. Other people keep themselves fit by walking or cycling. Local sports centers are generally cheaper. Evening classes are also cheap and offer a wide variety of fitness activities ranging from yoga to jazz dancing.

Sports play an important part in American life. There is even a 'dancing through pregnancy' programme. Many richer Americans employ their own personal trainer, either at home or at a fitness centre, to direct their exercise programme.

        The main field sports in Britain are hunting, shooting and fishing. Foxhunting. Staghunting        Shooting game birds, such as pheasant and grouse

Fishing, often called angling, is a very popular sport, mostly among men.

There are three main kinds of angling: fly-fishing, coarse fishing and sea-fishing. Fly-fishing, which is expensive, is fishing for salmon, trout, using specially disguised hooks. On the coast people may fish with a rod and line from a boat or from the shore.

Darts is a popular indoor game, often played in British pubs and working men's clubs. In the US darts is a popular game in bars.

13. Sports & Fitness

The fitness boom of the past decades led to a big rise in the numbers of people participating in sports and activities. Those who pursue the latest fitness fashion are convinced that staying in good physical shape requires much more than regular exercise and balanced meals. For anyone who really wants to be healthy, fitness has become an integral part of their lives. A lot of health and fitness club, and public leisure centers indicate the popularity of sports during the past thirty years. There are many opportunities for keeping fit. First of all it's necessary to do exercises-Running, jumping, swimming, bending and stretching are among the most popular exercises. Many people prefer jogging, which is the cheapest and the most accessible sport. Popular running competitions are now held everywhere. A healthy body becomes a fashion, an ideal of the modem life. The most popular outdoor winter sports are shooting, hunting, hockey and in the countries where the weather is frosty and there is much snow-skating, skiing and tobogganing. Some people greatly enjoy figure-skating and ski-jumping. Summer affords excellent opportunities for swimming, boating, yachting, cycling, gliding and many other sport. Badminton is also very popular. A lot of girls and women go in for calisthenics. Among indoor games the most popular are billiards, table tennis, draughts and some others. The best way to avoid depression caused by the city life is doing exercises. Taking exercise is only one part of keeping fit. It's important to get slim. Some people eat nothing but fruit for several days. But it won't be of any use without proper exercises. Besides to avoid serious disease one should give up smoking. Smoking should be banned in all public places.

The English are great lovers of competitive sports. At the top of the list is Association Football. Rugby football is also very popular. Although the British are so fond of watching horses and dog racing, they are not particularly interested in being spectators at occasions when human beings compete. The more social games of golf and tennis are played by great numbers of people. As for me, I'm interested in different kinds of sport. I do aerobics 3 times a week. In summer I like to swim & also do some cycling. I also like to watch Olympic games on TV. They took place every 4 years for nearly 1200 years in Olympia. The Olympic symbol is 5 interlocking circles representing 5 continents on a white background. The blue ring is for Europe, the yellow one is for Asia , the black one is for Africa, the green one is for Australia, and the red one is for America.People all over the world are very fond of sports and games. That is one thing in which people of every nationality and class are united.

13. Sports & Fitness

The fitness boom of the past decades led to a big rise in the numbers of people participating in sports and activities. Those who pursue the latest fitness fashion are convinced that staying in good physical shape requires much more than regular exercise and balanced meals. For anyone who really wants to be healthy, fitness has become an integral part of their lives. A lot of health and fitness club, and public leisure centers indicate the popularity of sports during the past thirty years.

There are many opportunities for keeping fit. First of all it's necessary to do exercises-Running, jumping, swimming, bending and stretching are among the most popular exercises. Many people prefer jogging, which is the cheapest and the most accessible sport. Popular running competitions are now held everywhere. The big city marathons have become sporting events. A healthy body becomes a fashion, an ideal of the modem life. Many sports activities have become part of daily Russian life.

Football has always been the most popular sport among boys. Playing football is healthy, football also brings people close because in order to win people have to work as a team. This game is played in all the countries of the world .The most popular outdoor winter sports are shooting, hunting, hockey and in the countries where the weather is frosty and there is much snow-skating, skiing and tobogganing. Some people greatly enjoy figure-skating and ski-jumping.

Summer affords excellent opportunities for swimming, boating, yachting, cycling, gliding and many other sport. The other favorite games in different countries are golf, tennis, cricket, volleyball, basketball and so on. Badminton is also very popular. AIl the year round many people indulge in boxing, wrestling, athletics, gymnastics and track and field events. A lot of girls and women go in for calisthenics.

Among indoor games the most popular are billiards, table tennis, draughts and some others, but the great international game is chess of course. The results of chess tournaments are studied and discussed by thousands of enthusiasts in different countries.

The best way to avoid depression caused by the city life is doing exercises. Taking exercise is only one part of keeping fit. It's important to get slim. Some people eat nothing but fruit for several days. But it won't be of any use without proper exercises. Besides to avoid serious disease one should give up smoking. Smoking should be banned in all public places.

The English are great lovers of competitive sports. At the top of the list is Association Football or "soccer". Rugby football is also very popular. It is played with an oval ball, which is carried rather than kicked, and the player try to stop the man with the ball by throwing him bodily to the ground. Although the British are so fond of watching horses and dog racing, they are not particularly interested in being spectators at occasions when human beings compete. The more social games of golf and tennis are played by great numbers of people. Golf, which comes from Scotland, is played by striking a ball with a special golf club round a golf course with 18 holes, the object being to get the ball into the holes with as few strokes as possible. For the elderly bowls is an attractive game. It is a peaceful game yet one demanding considerable judgment, since the heavy wooden bowls are weighted so as to roll in a slight curve.

As for me, I'm interested in different kinds of sport. I do aerobics 3 times a week. In summer I like to swim & also do some cycling. I'm very fond of soccer. I also like to watch Olympic games on TV. They began in 776 BC and took place every 4 years for nearly 1200 years in Olympia. The Olympic motto is "Faster, higher, stronger". The Olympic symbol is 5 interlocking circles representing 5 continents on a white background. The blue ring is for Europe, the yellow one is for Asia , the black one is for Africa, the green one is for Australia, and the red one is for America.

People all over the world are very fond of sports and games. That is one thing in which people of every nationality and class are united. Baron Pierre de Coubertin emphasized the importance of sports in uniting peoples of the world and serving the cause of peace as in ancient times. In 2000, in Sydney, the two Koreas made history by marching into the Olympic stadium together.

14. Education.

    Children are required to be in full-time education between the ages of 5 and 16.        Most children go to state schools. These schools receive money direct from central government are run by a board of governors consisting of parents and members of the public. Some children go to independent schools run by private organizations, for which their parents have to pay fees. The British education system aims to educate the whole person, so that each child develops his or her personality as well as gaining academic knowledge.

Many students go to university and study for a bachelor's degree. Others study for a certificate or diploma at a college of further education.

        Public schools are, in most of Britain, independent schools and, despite their name, are not part of the state education system. Schools run by the state are called state schools. A small number of children from less wealthy families win scholarships, in which case their fees are paid for them.

Most pupils go to public school at the age of 13, after attending private prep schools. The majority of public schools are boarding schools where students live during term-time.

In the US a public school is a school run by the government. Schools that students have to pay to attend are called private schools. There are many private schools in the US, some of which are boarding schools. They are very expensive, have a high reputation, and many of their students come from rich and well-known families. Children often go to the same school as their parents. Private schools in the US are often single-sex and their students usually wear a uniform. This is unusual in public schools. Parents choose a private school for their children for a number of reasons, but in general they believe that the quality of education is higher in private schools, and there is some evidence to support this. Most private schools offer scholarships to students from poorer families, and in some parts of the US the government may under certain circumstances pay for children to attend a private school.

   Although many Americans attend nursery school, day care or pre-school from an early age, formal education is usually considered to begin at the age of 5 when children go to kindergarten, the first step in the K12 education. Kindergarten and the next five or six years of education, first grade, second grade, etc., are together usually called elementary school (the term primary school is less common in the US than in Britain). Grades 7 to 12 are part of secondary school, and may be divided in different ways. In some places grades 7 and 8 are called junior high school. Other school systems have middle school, which lasts for 3 years. High school usually covers four years, from the 9th to the 12th grades.

        Post-secondary education, after 12th grade, is not free though state governments which run most of the educational institutions subsidize the cost for people who live in the state.

Most colleges offer classes only for undergraduate students studying for a bachelor's degree. Community colleges offer two-year courses leading to an associate's degree, and afterwards students transfer to a different college or university to continue their studies. Universities are larger than colleges and also offer courses for graduate students who study in graduate school. Many universities also have separate professional schools, e.g. a medical school or a law school.

14. Education.

Education is very important for every person. It gives information and opportunities for further life. Every country has its own, unique system of education. We can note example of many different system, but i think the most developed and popular are: education system in the USA, the education system in Great Britain, as the oldest. Education in Great Britain. The education system of GB is extremely complex and bewildering. The department of education and science  is responsible for national education policy, but it doesn’t employee teacher or prescribe curricular or text books. Each school has its own board of governors consisting of teachers, parents, and local politicians. There are three main system in Britain: the Comprehensive system, the selective and the private system. The state school system is usually divided into 2 stages (secondary and primary). The majority of primary schools are subdivided into infant school (ages 5 to 7), and the junior schools (ages 7 to 11). There are some types of schools in GB. Grammar schools provided an academicals cause for selected pupils from the age of 11 to 18. They give pupils a high level of academic education which can lead to the university. Technical schools offer a general education with a technical bias and serve those pupils who are more mechanically minded. The curricular includes more science and mathematics. Secondary modern school were formed to provided a non-academic education for children of less attainment. The curricular includes more practical subjects. The comprehensive school brings about a general improvement in the system of secondary education. At the age of 13 children take an exam. If they are successful they go on to public schools where they usually remain until the age 18. The public exams taken by British schoolchildren are called GCSEs (The General Certificate of Secondary Education). Any student who wants to go to the university needs to pass two or three A level exams. There are 46 Universities in GB. But not all Universities are equal. They differ from one to another in history, tradition, academic organization. A university usually consists of colleges. The departments of the colleges are organized into faculties. The academic year is split into three terms. Formal teaching takes place in the first two terms which last for twenty four weeks in total. The third term is reserved for classes and exams and last for six weeks. The universities teach all major subject areas. After three years of study a University graduate will leave with the Degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science. He can continue to take his Master’s Degree and then the Doctor’s Degree. Education in the US. Americans place a high value on education. There is no uniform school organization. But certain common features exist. Most school in the US start at the kinder garden level. Preschool education is part of the elementary school. After graduating from secondary school a growing numbers of Americans go on to higher education. American institution of higher education include: technical training school, community colleges, colleges offering four-year bachelor degree programmers; and university which contain one or more colleges and graduate school offering master’s or doctoral degree programmers. There is no National University in the US. Each state controls and support one University. The students don’t go to University free of charge. Everyone must pay a tuition fee. During the first year they follow a basic programmer. After the first 2 years every students majors in one subject and minors in another. After completing four years of study they receive a Bachelor Degree. An additional year of study they may receive a Mister’s Degree and after two or three years of graduate work and writing of the dissertation they receive a Doctoral degree. Over four years at the end of each year students have a final write exam.

15.Art and museums

Many people have a hobby that involves collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries wealthy people travelled and collected plants, animal skins, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big or until they died, and then it was given to a museum.

        The parts of a museum open to the public are called galleries or rooms. Often, only a small proportion of a museum's collection is on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. A person in charge of a department of a museum is called a keeper. Museum staff involved in the care and conservation of items are sometimes called curators.

In Britain, the largest museums are the British Museum, the Science Museum, the Natural History Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum. National museums receive money from the government but not enough to cover their costs, and visitors to museums usually have to pay to go in. Some people believe that this is wrong, because a museum's exhibits belong to the nation.

The National Gallery is London’s leading art museum with over 2,200 paintings, most kept on permanent display. The collection includes everything from early works by Giotto, in the 13^th century, to 20^th-century Picassos, but its particular strengths are in Dutch, early Renaissance Italian and 17^th-century Spanish painting.

        The National Gallery has flourished since its inception in the early 19^th century. In 1824 George IV persuaded a reluctant government to buy 38 major paintings, including works by Raphael and Rembrandt, and these became the start of a national collection. The collection grew over the years as rich benefactors contributed works and money. The main gallery building was designed in Neo-Classical style by William Wilkins and built in 1834-8. To its left lies the new Sainsbury Wing, financed by the grocery family and completed in 1991. It houses some spectacular early Renaissance art.

     Louvre. The palace stands on the site of a fortress built for Philip II Augustus in 1214. In 1546 Francis I had the old castle demolished and gave orders for the construction of a new palace. Over the course of the centuries this has gone through enlargements, periods of neglect, and restorations, the most recent of which has led to the creation of the Grand Louvre with an exhibition area of 70,000 square meters. Opened to the public in 1793, its collection was the result of centuries of a passion for art on the part of French sovereigns. It was Francis I (1515-47) who created the nucleus of the collection, summoning artists like Leonardo, Rosso Fiorentino, and Cellini to his residence at Fonainebleau and commencing the construction of the Louvre.

Manet, Degas, Renoir the The Impressionists; neoimpressionists; renaissance

15.Art and Museums

London is one of the biggest world centres of culture and art. There are quite a number of different museums and art galleries there. The British Museum is one of the greatest and best known museums in the world, which was founded in 1753. There are eleven major departments in the museum, that contain many different antiquities.  There is also a notable collection of items from all the countries of Europe. The British Museum is also known for its library which is the greatest and most famous in Britain. Among other museums of London that attract visitors are the Natural History Museum, The Museum of British Transport, the Museum of London (opened in 1979) and Madame Tussaud's Museum of Waxworks.

The Natural History Museum is the home of the national collections of animals and plants, and of the minerals and rocks from which the earth is built up. It has a twofold function: to increase man's knowledge of the animal, plant and mineral kingdoms as an institution for scientific research, and, to read knowledge of natural history as widely as possible.

The best known art galleries of London are the National Gallery, the National Portrait Gallery and the Tate.

The National Gallery which is in Trafalgar Square, contains Britain's famous collection of pictures. It is also rich in paintings by such Italian masters as Raphael and Veronese, and contains pictures representing all European schools of art. Everyone can find some kind of picture to enjoy.

The idea of a national gallery lingered on and by the beginning of the nineteenth century was being seriously discussed. At last talk resulted in the foundation of the National Gallery. Sir George Beaumont, a collector and painter himself, was one of the most eager to see a national collection. He offered to bequeath the pictures from own collection, and by 1825 this offer was being publicly mentioned. That year the death of a rich merchant collector, John Angerstein, was the event which precipitated the talk on all sides into action. His death was followed by the news that his pictures were for sale, and offers from abroad had already been received. Representations were made to the Prime Minister. Lawrence wrote to Angerstein's son, begging him not to sell abroad. After some debate about price, the thirty- eight Angerstein pictures were obtained for the considerable sum. In Aprel, 1824, Parliament voted the money. On the 10^th of May the Gallery was opened to the public.